人非梗阻性無精子癥相關基因在果蠅睪丸中的功能和機制研究
[Abstract]:Male infertility affects 1/6 of the world's couples of childbearing age, and non obstructive azoospermia is one of the most serious cases of male infertility. The pathogenesis of non obstructive azoospermia is still unclear. In the early stage, the whole genome association study in the Chinese Han male non stem azoospermia It was identified that 3 risk loci that could reach a genome-wide association (P value less than 5.0x10-8). But male infertility is a polygenic disease, and only 3 risk sites are identified to be insufficient to explain its pathogenic mechanism. This may be a result of genetic heterogeneity. We think those did not reach the significant association of the whole genome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are also likely to be associated with fertility related genes. Now, by expanding the sample size (3608 cases of non obstructive azoospermia and 5909 controls), we have identified 4 risk sites associated with human non obstructive azoospermia with a three stage test. One of the suspected risk loci is a few. To verify the 1q42.13, rs3000811, P=7.26x10-8. In order to verify whether this site affects male fertility, we have observed the phenotype of the Drosophila homologous gene gek of the suspicious associated locus (located in the human genome 1q42.13 region) by the model animal Drosophila melanogaster homologous gene CDC42BPA in male fertility. In order to perform large-scale functional screening of candidate genes near single nucleotide polymorphisms, we used dsRNA or shRNA to silence the target gene in the Drosophila. The use of this method in Drosophila has the advantage of short work cycle and high throughput screening. Our analysis showed that 31.8% (7/22) The genes associated with Drosophila are essential for male reproduction. These genes correspond to 9 loci. In these genes, the Lar gene maintains spermatogenesis in the germ cells, while the CG12404, dmrt11E, CG6769, ERR and SFL genes are mainly used in the somatic cells. Interestingly, the ERR and SFL genes are in the form of the testis. It is also necessary. It has been reported that azoospermia is a risk factor for the high incidence of seminoma. Spermatogonial tumor is also one of the most common tumors in young men, but the molecular mechanism of its pathogenesis is not clear. In order to identify more people with non obstructive azoospermia associated sites in the whole genome association study, we A single nucleotide polymorphic loci (rs1887102, P=2.60x10-7) in human FOXN3 gene was found to be an evolutionary conserved gene. We further examined whether the male fertility was required by the model animal fruit fly to participate in the participation of the fruit fly homologous gene CHES-1-like of the FOXN3 gene. Although the CHES-1-like gene mutated to the Drosophila melanogaster, the CHES-1-like gene mutated to the fruit fly. It is viable and fertile and has no obvious abnormalities during spermatogenesis, but ectopic expression of the CHES-1-like gene in the germ cells significantly reduces the fertility of the male Drosophila. We found that in the testicles of the ectopic expression of the CHES-1-like gene, the spermatogonial cells have undergone four mitosis and did not. In these testicles, the expression level of the differentiation factor Bam protein decreased obviously, but the region of the expression of Bam protein was significantly larger in these testicles. The decrease of the expression of BAM gene in the testicles expressed in the CHES-1-like gene could further aggravate the formation of the tumor like structure of the.Dad gene. As a downstream gene of the BMP signaling pathway, the expression level of the DPP gene can be antagonized. The expression level of the dad gene is obviously up-regulated in the testicles of the ectopic CHES-1-like gene. We also found that the ectopic expression of the CHES-1-like gene in the fly winged disc can increase the level of the expression of the Dpp protein. In the testis, the CHES-1-like protein can be straight. Then we combine the DPP gene promoter region. Therefore, we have proposed a model in which the ectopic expression of the CHES-1-like gene in the germ cells can up-regulate the expression of Dpp protein and inhibit the differentiation of germ cells and eventually lead to the formation of spermatogonial tumor. Acid polymorphic loci can also provide clues for disease related genes and provide help for their functional studies. These results deepen our understanding of the genetic susceptibility to non obstructive azoospermia patients and provide a vision for understanding its pathogenesis.
【學位授予單位】:南京醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:R698.2
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