本文選題：小麥 + 千粒重　； 參考：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：小麥?zhǔn)俏覈饕募Z食作物之一,隨著人口的增長、耕地面積的減少,高產(chǎn)且穩(wěn)產(chǎn)是我國小麥育種的重要目標(biāo)。千粒重是構(gòu)成產(chǎn)量的三要素之一,灌漿時(shí)期旗葉葉綠素含量、籽�？扇苄蕴呛恳约澳婢趁{迫等因素都影響千粒重的形成。鑒定千粒重相關(guān)基因,開發(fā)功能標(biāo)記有助于加快高產(chǎn)小麥新品種的培育進(jìn)程。PTF1是一種具有bHLH結(jié)構(gòu)域的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。水稻中,轉(zhuǎn)OsPTF1基因的植株在低磷水平下單穗重比野生型高20%左右。BAS1是一種過氧化物還原蛋白。水稻中,NTRC-BAS1通路是一種用于保護(hù)葉綠體免遭氧化損傷的氧化還原系統(tǒng)。上述兩種基因在水稻籽粒的形成過程中均起著重要作用。但PTF1基因和bas1基因在小麥籽粒的形成過程中的作用還不清楚。本研究通過電子克隆以及比較基因組學(xué)方法,克隆了小麥TaPTF1、Tabas1-B1,以及TaGW-B1基因部分片段,利用不同群體材料分析其對千粒重表型的貢獻(xiàn),探索其調(diào)控籽粒形成以及粒重的分子機(jī)制,并分析不同等位基因型在我國小麥種質(zhì)資源以及國外引進(jìn)材料中的分布情況。主要結(jié)果如下:1、從京411與紅芒春21中克隆了TaPTF1基因,該基因包含8個(gè)外顯子和7個(gè)內(nèi)含子,編碼480個(gè)氨基酸(~51.29kDa);利用一套中國春缺體-四體材料,將其定位于第七同源群,分別命名為TaPTF1-A1、TaPTF1-B1和TaPTF1-D1;TaPTF1-A1與TaPTF1-D1基因在千粒重差異顯著的品種間無序列差異,而TaPTF1-B1基因在千粒重差異顯著的品種第7個(gè)內(nèi)含子位置存在16個(gè)堿基的插入/缺失,并開發(fā)了一個(gè)InDel標(biāo)記Ta7B。2、TaPTF1-B1基因共存在兩種等位基因類型,即TaPTF1-B1a和TaPTF1-B1b;攜帶TaPTF1-B1a基因型的小麥品種的千粒重顯著高于攜帶TaPTF1-B1b基因型的小麥品種的千粒重(P0.01),為優(yōu)異等位類型。3、我國主要麥區(qū)中,除西南冬麥區(qū)(38.0%)和東北春麥區(qū)(50.0%)外,TaPTF1-B1a等位類型的分布頻率均高于TaPTF1-B1b等位類型。在所引進(jìn)的國外材料中,除挪威(40.0%)、德國(25.0%)、匈牙利(25.0%)和法國(8.9%)外,TaPTF1-B1a等位類型的分布頻率也均高于TaPTF1-B1b等位類型。4、TaPTF1-B1基因與京411/紅芒春21群體中控制千粒重的QTL共同定位于7BL染色體區(qū)段(Xgwm400-Xgwm573),可解釋千粒重表型變異的23.9%-39.1%。5、在灌漿中期的莖、旗葉以及花后不同發(fā)育時(shí)期的籽粒中,TaPTF1-B1a等位基因的表達(dá)水平顯著低于TaPTF1-B1b等位基因的表達(dá)水平,說明TaPTF1基因負(fù)向調(diào)控小麥籽粒發(fā)育。6、從小麥品種京411中克隆了千粒重相關(guān)基因Tabas1,該基因包括7個(gè)外顯子和6個(gè)內(nèi)含子,編碼262個(gè)氨基酸(~28.24 kDa);千粒重差異顯著的品種間,Tabas1基因在第2個(gè)內(nèi)含子區(qū)域存在1-bp的In/Del突變,并開發(fā)了一個(gè)InDel標(biāo)記TaS1。利用中國春缺體-四體材料,將Tabas1基因定位于2B染色體,命名為Tabas1-B1基因。7、Tabas1-B1基因共存在兩種等位基因類型,即Tabas1-B1a和Tabas1-B1b;攜帶TaPTF1-B1a等位類型的小麥品種的千粒重顯著高于攜帶TaPTF1-B1b等位類型的小麥品種的千粒重(P0.01);在我國小麥品種資源中,Tabas1-B1a等位類型的分布頻率略高于Tabas1-B1b等位類型,說明Tabas1-B1a等位基因類型在育種過程中并沒有被充分選擇和利用。8、Tabas1-B1基因與京411/紅芒春21群體中控制千粒重和旗葉葉綠素含量的QTL共同定位于SSR標(biāo)記Xbarc167與Xcfa2278之間,分別解釋千粒重表型變異的9.5%-15.5%,以及旗葉葉綠素含量表型變異的9.0%-19.2%。9、在不同發(fā)育時(shí)期的籽粒中(除花后10天外),Tabas1-B1a等位基因的表達(dá)水平明顯高于Tabas1-B1b等位基因的表達(dá)水平,對千粒重起正調(diào)控作用。10、從小麥品種紅芒春21中克隆得到千粒重相關(guān)的未知功能基因的片段(暫命名為TaGW);千粒重差異顯著的品種間,該基因片段在外顯子部位存在5個(gè)堿基的插入/缺失,前者與高千粒重顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),命名為TaGW-B1a;后者與低千粒重顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),命名為TaGW-B1b。利用中國春缺體-四體材料,將TaGW基因片段定位于3B染色體。TaGW-B1基因片段與京411/紅芒春21群體中控制千粒重的QTL共同定位于SSR標(biāo)記Xbarc68與Xwmc418之間,可解釋千粒重表型變異的34.2%-58.2%;TaGW-B1a等位類型在我國小麥品種資源以及國外引進(jìn)材料中的分布頻率均較低。
[Abstract]:Wheat is one of the main grain crops in China. With the increase of population, the reduction of cultivated land area and high yield and stable yield are the important targets of wheat breeding in China. 1000 grain weight is one of the three factors that constitute the yield. .PTF1 is a transcriptional factor with bHLH domain. In rice, the plant of the transgenic OsPTF1 gene is about 20%.BAS1 higher than the wild type under the low phosphorus level in rice. The NTRC-BAS1 pathway is one of the NTRC-BAS1 pathway in rice. These two genes play an important role in the formation of rice grain, but the role of PTF1 and bas1 genes in the formation of wheat grain is not clear. This study cloned TaPTF1, T of Wheat by electronic cloning and comparative genomics methods. Abas1-B1, and part of TaGW-B1 gene fragment, use different population materials to analyze its contribution to 1000 grain weight phenotype, explore its molecular mechanism to regulate grain formation and grain weight, and analyze the distribution of different alleles in Wheat Germplasm Resources and foreign imported materials in China. The main results are as follows: 1, from Beijing 411 and red mans spring The TaPTF1 gene was cloned in 21, which contains 8 exons and 7 introns and 480 amino acids (~51.29kDa). Using a set of Chinese Spring deficient body four body materials, the gene is located in seventh homologous groups, named TaPTF1-A1, TaPTF1-B1 and TaPTF1-D1, and TaPTF1-A1 and TaPTF1-D1 genes are disordered among the varieties with significant difference in 1000 grain weight. The TaPTF1-B1 gene has 16 bases insertion / deletion in seventh intron sites with significant difference in 1000 grain weight, and a InDel marker Ta7B.2 is developed. There are two alleles in the TaPTF1-B1 gene, namely, TaPTF1-B1a and TaPTF1-B1b, and the 1000 grain weight of the wheat varieties carrying the TaPTF1-B1a genotype is significantly higher than that of the TaPTF1. The 1000 grain weight (P0.01) of the -B1b genotypes of wheat is an excellent allele.3. In the main wheat areas of our country, the distribution frequency of the TaPTF1-B1a allele is higher than the TaPTF1-B1b allele except in the southwest Winter Wheat Region (38%) and the Northeast Spring Wheat Region (50%). In the foreign materials introduced, except Norway (40%), Germany (25%), Hungary (25%), In France (8.9%), the distribution frequency of the TaPTF1-B1a allele is also higher than that of the TaPTF1-B1b allele type.4. The TaPTF1-B1 gene localizes in the 7BL chromosome section (Xgwm400-Xgwm573) in the 7BL chromosome section (Xgwm400-Xgwm573) with the QTL that controls 1000 grain weight in the 21 population of the Beijing 411/ red Mans, which can explain the 23.9%-39.1%.5 of the 1000 grain weight phenotypic variation. The expression level of TaPTF1-B1a allele was significantly lower than that of TaPTF1-B1b allele, indicating that the TaPTF1 gene negatively regulates the development of.6 in wheat grain, and the 1000 grain weight related gene Tabas1 was cloned from the wheat variety Jing 411, which includes 7 exons and 6 introns and encoded 262 amino acids (~28.2). 4 kDa); among the varieties with significant difference in 1000 grain weight, the Tabas1 gene has the In/Del mutation in the 1-BP in the second intron regions, and a InDel marker TaS1. is developed to locate the Tabas1 gene in the 2B chromosome, named Tabas1-B1 gene.7, and the Tabas1-B1 gene has two alleles, that is Tabas1-B1a. The 1000 grain weight of wheat varieties carrying TaPTF1-B1a allele was significantly higher than that of wheat varieties carrying TaPTF1-B1b allele (P0.01), and the distribution frequency of Tabas1-B1a alleles was slightly higher than that of Tabas1-B1b alleles in China's wheat germplasm resources, indicating that the Tabas1-B1a allele types were in the breeding process. .8, Tabas1-B1 and QTL, which control the 1000 grain weight and the chlorophyll content of flag leaf in the 21 population of the Beijing 411/ red mans spring, were located between the SSR markers Xbarc167 and Xcfa2278, explaining the 9.5%-15.5% of the 1000 grain weight phenotypic variation and the phenotypic variation of the flag leaf chlorophyll content, and at different developmental stages. In grain (except 10 days after flower), the expression level of Tabas1-B1a allele is obviously higher than that of Tabas1-B1b allele, and it plays a positive role in controlling 1000 grain weight,.10. The fragment of 1000 grain weight related unknown function gene is cloned from red mans spring 21 of wheat variety (temporary name is named TaGW). There were 5 bases insertion / deletion in exons, the former was significantly correlated with high 1000 grain weight (P0.01), named TaGW-B1a, and the latter was significantly correlated with low 1000 grain weight (P0.01), and named TaGW-B1b. using Chinese Spring deficient body four body material, the TaGW gene fragment was located in the 3B chromosome.TaGW-B1 gene fragment and the Beijing 411/ red awn spring 21 population. QTL, which controls 1000 grain weight, localizes between the SSR marker Xbarc68 and Xwmc418, which can explain the 34.2%-58.2% of the phenotypic variation of 1000 grain weight; the TaGW-B1a allele types are low in the distribution frequency of wheat variety resources and imported materials in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S512.1

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