本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉 + 根際土壤��； 參考：《海南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：棉花作為我國(guó)種植面積最大的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物,其對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的潛在安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也越來(lái)越多的受到關(guān)注。已有實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明,轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉對(duì)非靶標(biāo)害蟲(chóng)和天敵存在不同程度的影響,但其對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的其他影響尚未定論。土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是作物物質(zhì)、能量轉(zhuǎn)換的場(chǎng)所,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的種植是否會(huì)對(duì)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生影響,或產(chǎn)生什么程度的影響目前還處于研究階段。本研究采用第二代高通量測(cè)序、酶聯(lián)免疫法等對(duì)山東省推廣種植的四個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉品種進(jìn)行研究,探討其對(duì)根際土壤微生物、Bt蛋白殘留量、速效養(yǎng)分含量等的影響,旨在為轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉對(duì)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估提供科學(xué)依據(jù),促進(jìn)我國(guó)生物安全管理的健康發(fā)展。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)從總體上來(lái)看,轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉與其對(duì)照常規(guī)棉根際土壤微生物差異不顯著。但因棉花品種的不同,也存在部分差異性。從生育期來(lái)看,苗期、蕾期棉花根際土壤微生物差異不顯著,花鈴期菌群豐富度明顯下降,吐絮期明顯上升。但也有小部分微生物物種與土壤微生物總體變化趨勢(shì)不一致,其中擬桿菌Bacteroidetes在苗期、蕾期、花鈴期的數(shù)量明顯比吐絮期高,放線菌Actinobacteri 則相反。(2)轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉根際土壤Bt蛋白的含量在整個(gè)生育期呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),最高含量出現(xiàn)在蕾期,最低含量出現(xiàn)在吐絮期。各生育期,轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉根際土壤Bt蛋白的含量均顯著高于對(duì)照常規(guī)棉(P0.05)。(3)轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉根際土壤硝態(tài)氮含量在整個(gè)生育期呈下降趨勢(shì)。其中,苗期、蕾期四個(gè)品種轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉根際土壤硝態(tài)氮含量均低于對(duì)照常規(guī)棉,花鈴期因棉花品種不同存在差異,吐絮期則與對(duì)照常規(guī)棉差異不顯著(P0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉根際土壤銨態(tài)氮含量在整個(gè)生育期呈下降趨勢(shì)。其中,苗期四個(gè)品種轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉根際土壤銨態(tài)氮均與對(duì)照常規(guī)棉差異不顯著(P0.05),蕾期、花鈴期則顯著低于對(duì)照常規(guī)棉(P0.05),吐絮期僅鑫秋4號(hào)顯著高于對(duì)照常規(guī)棉(P0.05),其他轉(zhuǎn)基因品種均與對(duì)照常規(guī)棉差異不顯著(P0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉根際土壤速效磷含量在整個(gè)生育期呈上升趨勢(shì)。其中,僅蕾期、吐絮期的魯棉研28號(hào)和苗期的魯棉研36號(hào)根際土壤速效磷含量顯著高于對(duì)照常規(guī)棉(P0.05),其他品種、其他生育期均差異不顯著(P0.05)�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō),轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉對(duì)根際土壤微生物的影響不顯著,少數(shù)微生物物種的差異只出現(xiàn)在某些棉花品種、某一個(gè)時(shí)期,并未在整個(gè)生育期持續(xù)出現(xiàn)。生育期是影響根際土壤微生物變化的主要因素,其次是棉花品種。棉花根際土壤中Bt蛋白殘留量,硝態(tài)氮、銨態(tài)氮、速效磷含量均主要受生育期和轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲(chóng)棉種植的影響,此外,棉花品種也是對(duì)其產(chǎn)生影響的因素之一。
[Abstract]:As the largest transgenic crops planted in our country, the potential security risks for the ecological environment are becoming more and more concerned. The experimental results have proved that the transgenic insect resistant cotton has different influence on the non target pests and natural enemies, but the other effects on the ecosystem have not been determined. The soil ecosystem is the crop. In this study, second generations of high throughput sequencing and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to study four transgenic insect resistant cotton varieties cultivated in Shandong province by high throughput sequencing and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The influence of soil microorganism, Bt protein residue and available nutrient content, is aimed at providing scientific basis for the potential risk assessment of transgenic insect resistant cotton to the soil ecosystem and promoting the healthy development of biosafety management in China. The main results are as follows: (1) in general, transgenic insect resistant cotton and its control conventional cotton rhizosphere soil The differences of soil microbes were not significant. However, there were some differences due to different varieties of cotton. From the growth period, the microbial diversity of the rhizosphere soil of cotton was not significant at the seedling stage and bud stage, the abundance of the flora in the flower and boll stage decreased obviously, and the opening period of the cotton rose obviously. The number of Bacteroidetes in the seedling stage, bud stage and flower bell stage was higher than that of the spout period, and the actinomycetes Actinobacteri was the opposite. (2) the content of Bt protein in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic insect resistant cotton showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease, the highest content appeared in the bud stage, the lowest content appeared in the opening period. The content of Bt protein in the rhizosphere soil of the insect resistant cotton was significantly higher than that of the control conventional cotton (P0.05). (3) the nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of the transgenic cotton was decreased in the whole growth period, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of the four transgenic cotton varieties at the seedling stage and the bud stage were lower than that of the control conventional cotton, and the cotton variety was poor in the flower bell stage. The difference was not significant (P0.05) with the control conventional cotton (P0.05). The ammonium nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic insect resistant cotton showed a downward trend in the whole growth period, and the ammonium nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil of the four transgenic cotton seedlings was not significantly different from that of the control conventional cotton (P0.05), while the bud stage was significantly lower than that of the control conventional cotton (P0.05). Only Xin Qiu No. 4 was significantly higher than the control conventional cotton (P0.05), and the other transgenic varieties were not significantly different from the control conventional cotton (P0.05). The content of available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic insect resistant cotton showed an upward trend throughout the whole growth period. Significantly higher than the control of conventional cotton (P0.05), other varieties, other growth periods were not significantly different (P0.05). Generally, the effect of transgenic insect resistant cotton on rhizosphere soil microbes was not significant, the difference of a few microbiological species only appeared in some cotton varieties, a certain time period, not in the whole growth period. The main factors of soil microbial change, followed by cotton varieties, Bt protein residues in cotton rhizosphere soil, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus content are mainly affected by the growth period and transgenic insect resistant cotton cultivation, in addition, cotton varieties are also one of the factors that affect them.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S562

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