本文選題：抗病轉(zhuǎn)基因棉 + 抗旱轉(zhuǎn)基因棉��； 參考：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)基因育種作為一種新型育種方式,具有周期短、效率高等特點(diǎn),已成為作物育種界最為重要的技術(shù)。隨著人口數(shù)量的增多、耕地面積不斷減少,為提高土地利用率,通過生物技術(shù)培育耐旱、耐鹽堿、抗病、抗蟲、高產(chǎn)等新性狀棉花品種已成為新需求。轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的大面積種植,在給人們帶來巨大利益的同時(shí)可能會(huì)對(duì)自然和農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。轉(zhuǎn)基因作物對(duì)非靶標(biāo)生物的負(fù)面影響便是其中一個(gè)重要的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由此,為了科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)新型轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花對(duì)棉田非靶標(biāo)生物多樣性的影響,本試驗(yàn)在2014年和2015年間,在大田隔離條件下研究了抗病轉(zhuǎn)基因棉HN6、耐鹽堿轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花013018和抗旱轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花013011等3種不同表達(dá)性狀的非抗蟲轉(zhuǎn)基因棉對(duì)田間節(jié)肢動(dòng)物、土壤線蟲及跳蟲群落影響,以期為新型非抗蟲轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花的推廣應(yīng)用提供依據(jù)。通過研究得出如下結(jié)果:(1)3種非抗蟲轉(zhuǎn)基因棉對(duì)棉田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物多樣性的影響2014-2015年,抗病轉(zhuǎn)基因棉、耐鹽堿轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花和抗旱轉(zhuǎn)基因棉田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物多樣性與其對(duì)照棉田并不存在顯著差異,且每種轉(zhuǎn)基因棉田與其對(duì)照棉田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落相似度均較高。但通過2年間的比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)3種非抗蟲轉(zhuǎn)基因棉與各自受體對(duì)照棉田的節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落相似性發(fā)生了顯著變化(P0.05)。2015年抗病轉(zhuǎn)基因棉HN6與其受體對(duì)照棉田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落相似度(49.86%±0.19)顯著低于2014年(76.53%±0.07);2015年抗旱轉(zhuǎn)基因棉013011田與其對(duì)照棉田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落相似度(32.99%±0.30)顯著低于2014年(73.18%±0.06);2015年耐鹽堿轉(zhuǎn)基因棉013018田與其受體對(duì)照棉田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落相似度(62.34%±0.11)顯著低于2014年(77.65%±0.33)。表明3種非抗蟲轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花對(duì)棉田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物多樣性的影響可能存在年代累積作用,但這仍需進(jìn)一步研究。(2)3種非抗蟲轉(zhuǎn)基因棉對(duì)土壤線蟲多樣性的影響2014-2015年,與各自受體對(duì)照棉田相比,抗病轉(zhuǎn)基因棉HN6土壤食真菌線蟲多度顯著增多,尤其是真滑刃屬線蟲Aphelenchus顯著增多,而捕食性線蟲多度顯著降低;抗旱轉(zhuǎn)基因棉013011土壤線蟲屬豐富度顯著降低(P0.05),土壤食細(xì)菌線蟲多度顯著增加(P0.05),尤其是中桿屬線蟲Mesorhabditis多度顯著增加(P0.05),捕食性桑尼屬Thornia線蟲顯著低于其受體對(duì)照田(P0.01);各處理其他生態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)類群并不受性狀因素影響。2014年抗病轉(zhuǎn)基因棉013011土壤線蟲均勻度J顯著增多。在2年調(diào)查期內(nèi),抗病轉(zhuǎn)基因棉HN6和其受體對(duì)照棉Z24的土壤線蟲通路指數(shù)NCR、F/B,耐鹽堿轉(zhuǎn)基因棉013018和其受體對(duì)照棉Q的土壤線蟲總數(shù)、食細(xì)菌線蟲、捕食雜食線蟲多度,抗旱轉(zhuǎn)基因棉013011和其受體棉TH2的土壤線蟲NCR、F/B、EI、MI、PPI、PPI/MI指數(shù)均受采樣時(shí)間影響,差異顯著,而不受性狀因素影響。研究結(jié)果表明,3種非抗蟲轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花的種植對(duì)土壤線蟲個(gè)別稀有屬產(chǎn)生影響,而對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)屬?zèng)]有影響。(3)3種新型轉(zhuǎn)基因棉對(duì)棉田土壤跳蟲多樣性的影響2014-2015年,與各自受體對(duì)照相比,3種非抗蟲轉(zhuǎn)基因棉對(duì)棉田土壤跳蟲均不產(chǎn)生顯著影響。耐鹽堿轉(zhuǎn)基因棉013018和其受體對(duì)照棉Q土壤跳蟲的豐富度S、多樣性指數(shù)H、營(yíng)養(yǎng)多樣性指數(shù)TD均受采樣時(shí)間影響,差異顯著。
[Abstract]:As a new breeding method, transgenic breeding has the characteristics of short cycle and high efficiency. It has become the most important technology in the crop breeding field. With the increase of population, the area of cultivated land is decreasing continuously. In order to improve the land use rate, new traits such as drought tolerance, salt tolerance, resistance to disease, insect resistance and high yield have been developed by biotechnology. New demand. Large area planting of genetically modified crops may have a negative impact on natural and Agro ecosystem while bringing great benefits to people. The negative effects of genetically modified crops on non target organisms are one of the important potential risks. In order to evaluate the value of new transgenic cotton for non target organisms for scientific evaluation of transgenic cotton In 2014 and 2015, the effects of non resistant transgenic cotton on transgenic cotton HN6, salt tolerant transgenic cotton 013018 and drought resistant transgenic cotton 013011 were studied in 2014 and 2015. The effects of non insect resistant transgenic cotton on the field arthropod, soil line worm and the hopper community were studied as a new type of non insect resistant transgenic cotton. The results are as follows: (1) the effects of 3 non insect resistant transgenic cotton on arthropod diversity in cotton field for 2014-2015 years, the diversity of arthropod in transgenic cotton, salt tolerant transgenic cotton and drought resistant transgenic cotton field is not significantly different from that of the control cotton field. The similarity of arthropod community in cotton field and its control cotton field was high, but compared with 2 years, the similarity of arthropod community of 3 non resistant transgenic cotton and its receptor control cotton field was significantly changed (P0.05).2015 year resistant transgenic cotton HN6 and its receptor control cotton field arthropod community similarity (49.86% + 0.19) It was significantly lower than that in 2014 (76.53% + 0.07); the similarity between 013011 fields of transgenic cotton in 2015 and the arthropod community in the control cotton field (32.99% + 0.30) was significantly lower than that in 2014 (73.18% + 0.06), and the similarity of the arthropod community in the saline alkali resistant transgenic cotton 013018 field and its receptor control cotton field (62.34% + 0.11) in 2015 was significantly lower than that in 2014 (77.65% + 0.33). The effect of 3 non insect resistant transgenic cotton on the diversity of arthropod in cotton field may have cumulative effect, but it still needs further study. (2) the effect of 3 kinds of non insect resistant transgenic cotton on soil nematode diversity is 2014-2015 years. Compared with their respective receptor control cotton fields, the abundance of edible fungi in the soil of resistant transgenic cotton HN6 increased significantly. In particular, the number of Aphelenchus in the genus nematode was significantly increased, and the abundance of predatory nematodes decreased significantly; the richness of soil nematode in the 013011 soil nematodes was significantly reduced (P0.05), and the abundance of soil nematodes was significantly increased (P0.05), especially in the genus nematode Mesorhabditis (P0.05), and the Thornia line of the predatory Sonny genus. The parasite was significantly lower than that of its receptor control field (P0.01); other ecological indicators and nutritional groups were not affected by the influence of the trait factors. The homogeneity of the soil nematode homogeneity of the transgenic cotton 013011 increased significantly in.2014 years. In the 2 year period, the resistant transgenic cotton HN6 and the soil nematode pathway index of its receptor control cotton Z24 were NCR, F/B, and salt tolerant transgenic cotton. The total number of soil nematodes in cotton 013018 and its receptor control cotton Q, bacterial nematode, predatory nematode abundance, drought resistant transgenic cotton 013011 and its receptor cotton TH2 soil nematode NCR, F/B, EI, MI, PPI, PPI/MI index were all affected by the sampling time, and were not affected by the trait factors. The results showed that 3 kinds of non insect resistant transgenic cotton were found. There was no influence on the individual rare genus of soil nematode, but no influence on the dominant genus. (3) the effect of 3 new transgenic cotton on the diversity of soil hopper in cotton fields for 2014-2015 years, compared with the respective receptor pairs, and 3 kinds of non insect resistant transgenic cotton had no significant influence on the soil hopper in the cotton field. Salt tolerant transgenic cotton 013018 and its receptor control The richness S, diversity index H, and TD of cotton Q soil Collembola were all affected by sampling time, and the difference was significant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S562

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