本文選題：甘藍型油菜 + 千粒重��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：甘藍型油菜(Brassica napus L.)是世界上重要的油料作物之一,提高產(chǎn)量是油菜育種研究的重要目標。油菜的產(chǎn)量由種植密度和單株產(chǎn)量共同決定,其中種植密度與油菜的株型緊密相關(guān);而單株產(chǎn)量取決于單株角果數(shù)、每角果粒數(shù)和千粒重三個因子的協(xié)調(diào)作用。到目前為止,已有大量單株產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因子相關(guān)QTL被報道,但只有2個QTL通過圖位克隆的方法得到基因:即控制千粒重的QTL(BnaA09.ARF18)和控制每角果粒數(shù)QTL(BnaC9.SMG7b)。李世鵬[1]在克隆甘藍型油菜每角果粒數(shù)主效QTL qSS.C9(BnaC9.SMG7b)的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),NIL(Y106)每角果粒數(shù)顯著性增加,但同時千粒重顯著下降。這種隨著每角粒數(shù)增加而千粒重下降的變化可能是BnaC9.SMG7b的一因多效,也可能由其他基因所致。進一步的序列分析顯示,在qSS.C9定位區(qū)間的BnaC9.RINGb基因可能直接參與調(diào)控種子的發(fā)育。本研究在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過比較基因組學和分子生物學的方法,對qSS.C9定位區(qū)間內(nèi)的候選基因進行了研究分析。主要結(jié)果如下:1.BnaC9.SMG7b基因互補驗證:轉(zhuǎn)基因互補實驗表明,BnaC9.SMG7b基因?qū)ηЯＶ貨]有顯著影響。這表明可能存在其它基因?qū)IL(Y106)的千粒重起到調(diào)控作用。2.候選基因分析:對qSS.C9定位區(qū)間內(nèi)的候選基因進行比較測序發(fā)現(xiàn),BnaC9.RINGb在雙親之間存在明顯差異;初步的轉(zhuǎn)基因互補試驗結(jié)果顯示,BnaC9.RINGb基因負調(diào)控千粒重,使受體材料HZ396的千粒重顯著下降,極可能是目標基因。3.BnaC9.RINGb同源拷貝分析:序列比對結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)BnaC9.RINGb基因在擬南芥有1個同源基因,甘藍型油菜中有8個,甘藍中有3個,白菜中有3個。4.表達模式分析:GUS染色分析,該基因在擬南芥的子葉、葉片、角果皮、雌蕊和雄蕊中都有表達,亞細胞定位表明該基因表達蛋白定位于細胞核。5.擬南芥同源基因功能研究:部分ring突變體的角果長、角果寬和每角果粒數(shù)顯著高于野生型:突變體的千粒重比野生型材料有一定的增加,但并未達到顯著水平。
[Abstract]:Brassica napus L. It is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and increasing yield is an important goal of rapeseed breeding. The yield of rape was determined by planting density and yield per plant, in which planting density was closely related to plant type, and yield per plant depended on the coordination of three factors: the number of pods per plant, the number of kernels per pod and the weight of 1000 seeds. Up to now, a large number of QTL related to yield components per plant have been reported, but only two QTL genes have been obtained by map cloning: QTLL BnaA09.ARF18, which controls 1000-grain weight, and QTLL BnaC9.SMG7b, which controls the number of kernels per pod. Li Shipeng [1] found that the number of kernels per pod increased significantly, but the 1000-grain weight decreased significantly in the process of cloning the main effect QTL qSS.C9C9BnaC9.SMG7b per pod of Brassica napus. The decrease in 1000-grain weight as the number of kernels increases may be due to the multiple effects of BnaC9.SMG7b as well as to other genes. Further sequence analysis showed that the BnaC9.RINGb gene in the qSS.C9 mapping region may be directly involved in the regulation of seed development. On this basis, the candidate genes in the qSS.C9 region were analyzed by comparing genomics and molecular biology. The main results were as follows: 1. BnaC9.SMG7b gene complementation test showed that BnaC9.SMG7b gene had no significant effect on 1000-grain weight. This suggests that there may be other genes that regulate the 1000-grain weight of NILY106. Candidate gene analysis: comparing and sequencing the candidate genes in the qSS.C9 mapping region, we found that BnaC9.RINGb was significantly different between the parents, and the preliminary transgenic complementary test showed that BnaC9.RINGb gene negatively regulated 1000-grain weight, and BnaC9.RINGb gene was negative regulated by BnaC9.RINGb gene. The 1000-grain weight of the receptor material HZ396 was significantly decreased, probably the target gene .3.BnaC9.RINGb homologous copy analysis. Sequence alignment showed that the BnaC9.RINGb gene had one homologous gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, eight in Brassica napus and three in Brassica napus. There are 3. 4. The gene was expressed in the cotyledons, leaves, hornaceous pericarp, pistil and stamen of Arabidopsis thaliana. The subcellular localization indicated that the expressed protein was located in the nucleus. Studies on the function of homologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana: the length, width and number of kernels per pod of some ring mutants were significantly higher than those of wild type. The 1000-grain weight of the mutant was higher than that of wild type, but it did not reach the significant level.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.4

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