本文選題：水稻 + 產(chǎn)量性狀��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：水稻是重要的糧食作物,高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)一直是水稻遺傳育種的主要目標(biāo),營養(yǎng)功能型稻米品質(zhì)改良是水稻育種的新方向。本論文利用重組自交系(Recombinant inbred lines, RILs)群體和兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)分析群體對水稻的產(chǎn)量性狀、農(nóng)藝性狀、淀粉品質(zhì)及營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)性狀進(jìn)行了數(shù)量性狀位點(diǎn)(Quantitative trait locus, QTL)定位,為培育高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)水稻挖掘有利等位基因。主要研究結(jié)果如下(1) 利用RIL群體和簡化基因組測序技術(shù)(Specific locus amplified fragment sequencing, SLAF-Seq)對水稻粒重QTL的快速定位及其育種應(yīng)用。以大粒低直鏈淀粉含量的水稻種質(zhì)M201和小粒高直鏈淀粉含量水稻品種嘉育293(JY293)構(gòu)建的RIL群體為材料,利用SLAF-Seq和連鎖圖譜相結(jié)合的方法,在第3染色體上快速定位到3個(gè)粒重QTL, qTGW3.1、qTGW3.2和qTGW3.3,分別與已克隆或定位的GS3、qGL3和qTGW3.3位置相近。根據(jù)他們對粒重的貢獻(xiàn)分析和分子標(biāo)記設(shè)計(jì)我們提出了大粒水稻分子育種的二個(gè)方案：(1)利用qTGW3.2的大粒等位基因開展回交育種；(2)聚合qTGW3.1和qTGW3.3的兩個(gè)大粒等位基因。(2) 利用RIL群體對水稻重要產(chǎn)量相關(guān)農(nóng)藝性狀的QTL定位。通過2012和2013兩年的QTL定位結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),兩年共定位到37個(gè)QTL,其中14個(gè)QTL在兩年均檢測到。位于第2和3染色體有4個(gè)已經(jīng)克隆或定位的基因簇(GW2、GS3、qGL3和 qTGW3.3),不僅與粒形性狀相關(guān),也與株型相關(guān)。另外,我們定位到3個(gè)兩年均檢測到的微效QTL(qTGW3.0、qGL2.2和qETN4)。(3) 利用RIL群體定位了稻米淀粉品質(zhì)的QTL。根據(jù)親本的Wx基因型將整個(gè)RIL群體分為Wx-M201亞群和Wx-JY293亞群,并利用這三個(gè)群體分別進(jìn)行了QTL定位。整個(gè)RIL中,共定位到29個(gè)QTL;兩個(gè)亞群共定位到10個(gè)QTL,其中4個(gè)(qPRO3.1、 qPV9、qHPV9和qCS7)在整個(gè)群體中也能定位到。除了Wx基因?qū)Ρ碛^直鏈淀粉含量(AAC)和大多數(shù)淀粉粘滯性譜(RVA譜)具有很大作用外,在第2、3、5、6和9染色體上有6個(gè)QTL簇與淀粉品質(zhì)相關(guān)。另外,第9染色體的一個(gè)與最高黏度(PV)、熱漿黏度(HPV)和冷漿黏度(CPV)相關(guān)的QTL簇與ISA3位置相近；而第6染色體的一個(gè)與糊化溫度相關(guān)的QTL簇與SSI基因位置相近。(4) 利用關(guān)聯(lián)定位群體對稻米淀粉品質(zhì)開展了全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析。運(yùn)用混合線性模型在whole panel、Panel 1、Panel 2、秈稻panel和粳稻panel中分別檢測到29、24、16、17和29個(gè)QTLs除了Wx基因外,有12個(gè)QTLs在兩個(gè)群體中檢測到,3個(gè)QTL在3個(gè)群體中檢測到,2個(gè)QTL在4個(gè)群體中檢測到。第11染色體上定位到的蛋白質(zhì)QTL (chr.11:22240707-22563596)和第5染色體的同時(shí)是PV、HPV和最高黏度時(shí)間(PeT)的QTL (chr.5:7756614-8042699)在兩個(gè)以上的群體中檢測到。一些QTL位點(diǎn)與淀粉合成酶基因位置相近,如ISA3、SSIV-1和AGPL2。第7染色體的崩解值(BD) QTL (chr.7:1118122～1967247)在整個(gè)群體和粳稻panel中檢測到,而第7染色體的另一與BD和消減值(SB)的QTL chr.7:25312126～26540950)在、vhole panel和秈稻panel中檢測到,表明這兩個(gè)基因可能與群體結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)。(5) 利用關(guān)聯(lián)定位群體對稻米多酚和抗氧化特性開展了全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析。將含有120份水稻材料的關(guān)聯(lián)群體(whole panel),按照種皮顏色分為紅米和白米兩個(gè)panel,然后對多酚的相關(guān)性狀分別進(jìn)行了全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析。在紅米panel和白米panel中分別檢測到了9種和8種酚酸成分。紅米的自由酚酸含量顯著高于白米的自由酚酸含量,而兩者的結(jié)合酚酸含量無顯著差別,僅與品種相關(guān)。紅米的自由酚酸含量是其結(jié)合酚酸的7倍左右,而白米的自由酚酸與其結(jié)合酚酸含量相當(dāng)。在whole panel中檢測到30個(gè)QTLs,在白米panel中檢測到22個(gè)QTLs,紅米panel中沒有檢測到QTL。 Re是控制在自由酚酸及其相關(guān)性狀的重要QTL。另外,在whole panel中檢測到2個(gè)自由酚相關(guān)性狀的QTL (chr:24392269; chr.9:6670223),在白米panel中檢測到兩個(gè)與自由酚相關(guān)性狀QTLs (chr.4:34120529; chr.11:28947480)和在兩個(gè)群體中共檢測到一個(gè)阿魏酸QTL (chr.11:23220681)。
[Abstract]:Rice is an important grain crop, high yield and quality have always been the main target of rice genetic breeding. The improvement of nutritional functional rice quality is the new direction of rice breeding. This paper uses the recombinant inbred line (Recombinant inbred lines, RILs) population and two related analysis groups to yield traits, agronomic traits, starch quality and camp of rice. The quantitative trait loci (Quantitative trait locus, QTL) were used to locate the favorable alleles for the cultivation of high yield and high quality rice. The main results were as follows (1) the rapid localization of rice grain weight QTL by RIL population and simplified genome sequencing technology (Specific locus amplified fragment sequencing, SLAF-Seq). The RIL population constructed by rice germplasm M201 with large grain low amylose content and small grain high amylose content rice variety JIAYE 293 (JY293) was used to quickly locate 3 grain weight QTL, qTGW3.1, qTGW3.2 and qTGW3.3 on the third chromosome with the combination of SLAF-Seq and linkage map. The positions of GS3, qGL3 and qTGW3.3 are similar. According to their contribution to grain weight analysis and molecular marker design, we put forward two schemes for molecular breeding of large grain rice: (1) backcross breeding by large grain alleles of qTGW3.2; (2) two large grain alleles for polymerization of qTGW3.1 and qTGW3.3. (2) the importance of RIL population to rice is important. QTL location of Yield Related Agronomic traits. Through the QTL localization results of 2012 and 2013 years, we found a total of 37 QTL in two years, of which 14 QTL were detected in two years. There were 4 cloned or localized gene clusters on the second and third chromosome (GW2, GS3, qGL3 and qTGW3.3), not only related to the grain shape, but also related to the plant type. Microsatellite QTL (qTGW3.0, qGL2.2 and qETN4) detected for 3 years. (3) QTL. based on RIL population based on RIL population, the whole RIL population was divided into Wx-M201 subgroup and Wx-JY293 subgroup according to the parent's Wx genotype, and QTL localization was carried out by the three populations. In the whole RIL, there were 29 subgroups and two subgroups. A total of 10 QTL were located, of which 4 (qPRO3.1, qPV9, qHPV9, and qCS7) could also be located in the whole population. Besides the Wx gene had a great effect on the apparent amylose content (AAC) and most starch stickiness spectrum (RVA spectrum), there were 6 QTL clusters on the 2,3,5,6 and 9 chromosomes related to the starch quality. In addition, one of the ninth chromosomes was the most important. The QTL cluster related to the viscosity (PV) of the high viscosity (HPV) and the viscosity of the cold pulp (CPV) was similar to the ISA3 position; and a QTL cluster related to the gelatinization temperature of the sixth chromosome was similar to the SSI gene. (4) the whole genome association analysis was carried out on the rice starch quality by using the associated loci. The mixed linear model was used in whole panel, Panel 1, P. Anel 2, indica panel and Japonica Rice panel detected respectively 29,24,16,17 and 29 QTLs except Wx genes, 12 QTLs were detected in two populations, 3 QTL was detected in 3 populations, 2 QTL was detected in 4 populations. Eleventh chromosomes, proteins QTL (chr.11:22240707-22563596) and fifth chromosomes, were simultaneously PV. The QTL (chr.5:7756614-8042699) of the maximum viscosity time (PeT) was detected in more than two populations. Some QTL loci were similar to the starch synthetase genes, such as the disintegration value of the ISA3, SSIV-1 and AGPL2. seventh chromosomes (BD) QTL (chr.7:1118122 ~ 1967247) detected in the whole population and in the japonica rice panel, and the other of the seventh chromosome was BD. The QTL chr.7:25312126 ~ 26540950 of SB and QTL 26540950) detected in vhole panel and indica rice panel showed that these genes might be related to the population structure. (5) the whole genome association analysis of rice polyphenols and antioxidant properties was carried out by using the associated location population. The association group containing 120 rice materials (whole panel) was based on the related population (whole panel). The color of the seed coat is divided into two panel of red rice and white rice, and then the whole genome correlation analysis is carried out on the related characters of polyphenols. 9 and 8 phenolic acids are detected in red rice panel and white rice panel respectively. The free phenolic acid content of red rice is about 7 times that of its conjugated phenolic acid, and the free phenolic acid in white rice is equal to the content of its conjugated phenolic acid. 30 QTLs in whole panel and 22 QTLs in white rice panel are detected. QTL. Re is not detected as an important QTL in the control of free phenolic acid and related traits in red rice panel. In addition, QTL (chr:24392269; chr.9:6670223) of 2 free phenol related characters were detected in whole panel, and two related QTLs (chr.4:34120529; chr.11:28947480) associated with free phenol were detected in white rice panel and a ferulic acid QTL (chr.11:23220681) was detected in two populations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S511
，

本文編號：1849424