發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-29 00:10

  本文選題：水稻 + 葉片寬度��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：聚合有利基因,挖掘增產(chǎn)潛力,尋求產(chǎn)量更大突破,將是水稻產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要方向。如何在分子水平通過(guò)葉形調(diào)控,協(xié)調(diào)水稻植株產(chǎn)量形成的"源-流-庫(kù)"互作關(guān)系,提高光合效率,是保證水稻實(shí)現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)的基本前提。本研究的第一個(gè)材料是以遺傳背景清晰并已完成測(cè)序的高產(chǎn)秈稻品種揚(yáng)稻6號(hào)(93-11)和優(yōu)質(zhì)粳稻品種日本晴為親本材料,在前期利用其構(gòu)建重組自交系并完成抽穗期葉寬QTLqFLW7定位的基礎(chǔ)上,分別以93-11和日本晴互為QTLqFLW7片段供體,并以各自對(duì)應(yīng)的受體親本為輪回親本構(gòu)建2個(gè)近等基因系NIL-FLW79311和NIL-FLW7NPB,開展葉寬調(diào)控基因qFLW7的克隆、功能分析及其育種利用研究。研究結(jié)果如下:1.通過(guò)93-11與日本晴重組自交系進(jìn)行葉形QTL分析,位于第7染色體上的葉寬增效等位基因來(lái)自93-11,圖位克隆獲得葉寬QTLqFLW7。NIL-FLW793-11與輪回親本NPB相比,葉片的小維管束數(shù)目極顯著的增加,葉片寬度和葉面積都增大;而NIL-FFLW7NPB與輪回親本93-11相比,小維管束數(shù)目則極顯著減少,葉片寬度和葉面積都減小。2.在抽穗期,對(duì)兩個(gè)候選基因進(jìn)行相對(duì)表達(dá)量分析,LOC_Os07g41190在近等基因系NIL-FLW7NPB與其輪回親本93-11之間的表達(dá)沒(méi)有顯著的差異,而NIL-FLW7NPB中LOC_Os07g41200的表達(dá)量是93-11的4.51倍。OsFLW7基因的過(guò)量表達(dá)使水稻葉寬變窄,葉面積下降;抑制OsFLW7的表達(dá)則使葉寬增加,葉面積增大;而水稻籽粒長(zhǎng)度發(fā)育與OsFLW7表達(dá)間存在一定的平衡,無(wú)論是OsFLW7表達(dá)增加或基因功能的下降都可能導(dǎo)致粒長(zhǎng)的增加。3.OsFLW7基因在調(diào)控葉片形態(tài)建成的同時(shí),改變?nèi)~片組織結(jié)構(gòu),從而影響葉片的光合作用速率。OsFLW7功能降低可以增加水稻植株葉片受光面積,并提高葉片的光合效率。近等基因系田間產(chǎn)量測(cè)定試驗(yàn)同樣證實(shí),NIL-FLW79311籽粒長(zhǎng)度和千粒重較NPB都極顯著增加,大田實(shí)際產(chǎn)量增幅達(dá)10%以上,增產(chǎn)作用顯著。本研究的另一個(gè)材料,是以EMS誘變秈稻品種蜀恢527分離獲得的一個(gè)水稻窄葉白化突變體narrow-albino leaf1(naall),通過(guò)圖位克隆并對(duì)葉片形態(tài)的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制研究,探索OsNsAL1基因在水稻葉片形態(tài)發(fā)育、生長(zhǎng)素代謝調(diào)控及水稻產(chǎn)量形成中的重要作用。研究結(jié)果如下:1.相對(duì)野生型蜀恢527,突變體naall呈現(xiàn)株高變矮、窄葉且葉片上表面白化、冠根減少、葉片表面毛狀體數(shù)目增多等突變表型。突變體naall的葉片近軸面和遠(yuǎn)軸面的大、小毛狀體數(shù)目較野生型極顯著增加;葉綠體基質(zhì)片層結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)目顯著減少;葉片主、次維管束的數(shù)目顯著減少。2.利用圖位克隆的方法,將OsNAAL1定位到水稻第7染色體上,編碼一個(gè)CHR4/MI-2-like蛋白�；パa(bǔ)試驗(yàn)證明LOCOs07g31450就是調(diào)控葉片寬度發(fā)育的目標(biāo)基因OsNAAL1。OsNAAL1以組成型的方式在水稻根、莖、葉、鞘和穗部表達(dá),編碼一個(gè)核蛋白。3.naal 窄葉突變表型的出現(xiàn),不僅與多個(gè)葉片形態(tài)發(fā)育調(diào)控基因相關(guān),同時(shí)還與生長(zhǎng)素合成、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)等代謝途徑相關(guān)。naall對(duì)不同濃度外源NAA處理具有響應(yīng),推測(cè)OsNAAL1可能通過(guò)參與水稻生長(zhǎng)素的色氨酸生物合成途徑,從而影響水稻根系的發(fā)育和葉片形態(tài)建成。
[Abstract]:It is an important direction for the development of rice industry to polymerized the favorable gene, excavate the potential of increasing yield and seek a greater breakthrough in production. It is the basic premise to ensure the high yield of rice at the molecular level through the regulation of leaf shape, coordinate the relationship between the source flow and reservoir of rice plant yield, and improve the photosynthetic efficiency. The first material of this study is to The high yield indica rice cultivar Yangdao No. 6 (93-11) and high quality japonica rice varieties, which have a clear genetic background and have been sequenced, are the parent materials. On the basis of the early use of the recombinant inbred line and the QTLqFLW7 location of the leaf width of the heading stage, 93-11 and Japan clear each other are QTLqFLW7 fragments, respectively, with their respective receptor parents as their parents. 2 near isogenic lines NIL-FLW79311 and NIL-FLW7NPB were constructed and the leaf width regulation gene qFLW7 was cloned, functional analysis and breeding utilization were carried out. The results were as follows: 1. the leaf width enhancement allele on the seventh chromosome from 93-11 was analyzed with the Japanese clear recombinant inbred line, and the allele of the leaf width synergistic allele on the seventh chromosome was from 93-11. The number of small vascular bundles in leaf width QTLqFLW7.NIL-FLW793-11 increased significantly compared with the recurrent parent NPB, and the leaf width and leaf area increased. While NIL-FFLW7NPB compared with the recurrent parent 93-11, the number of small vascular bundles decreased significantly, and the leaf width and leaf area decreased by.2. at the heading stage and relative to the two candidate genes. Expression analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of LOC_Os07g41190 between the near isogenic line NIL-FLW7NPB and its recurrent parent 93-11, while the expression of LOC_Os07g41200 in NIL-FLW7NPB was 4.51 times of 93-11 and the overexpression of.OsFLW7 gene made the leaf width narrowed and the leaf area decreased, and the expression of the inhibition of OsFLW7 increased leaf width and increased leaf area. There is a balance between the growth of rice grain length and the expression of OsFLW7. Both the increase of OsFLW7 expression and the decrease of the gene function may lead to the increase of the grain length. The.3.OsFLW7 gene changes the leaf tissue structure while regulating the leaf morphogenesis, thus affecting the decrease of the photosynthesis rate of the leaves and the decrease of the function of.OsFLW7. The leaf area of the rice plants and the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves were increased. The field yield test of the near isogenic lines also confirmed that the grain length and 1000 grain weight of NIL-FLW79311 increased significantly than that of NPB, and the actual yield increased by more than 10%, and the effect of increasing yield was significant. The other material of this study was to mutagenesis the indica rice variety Shu Hui 527 points by EMS. A rice narrow leaf albino mutant narrow-albino leaf1 (naall) was obtained. The important role of OsNsAL1 gene in the morphological development of rice leaves, regulation of auxin metabolism and the formation of rice yield was investigated by cloning and molecular regulation mechanism of leaf morphology. The results are as follows: 1. relative to wild type Shu Hui 527, mutants Naall showed a dwarf strain, a narrow leaf and a whitening on the upper surface of a leaf, a decrease in the crown root and an increase in the number of hairy bodies on the surface of the leaf. The mutant naall leaves the near axis and the distal axis, and the number of small hairy bodies is significantly higher than that of the wild type; the number of the lamellar structure of the chloroplast is significantly reduced, and the number of the leaf main and secondary vascular bundles is significant. Reducing.2. by using the method of graphic cloning, OsNAAL1 is located on the seventh chromosome of rice to encode a CHR4/MI-2-like protein. The complementarity test shows that LOCOs07g31450 is the expression of the target gene OsNAAL1.OsNAAL1 that regulates the leaf width development in the form of the rice root, stem, leaf, sheath and ear, and encodes a nucleoprotein.3.naal narrow leaf. The occurrence of mutant phenotype is not only related to the regulation genes of multiple leaf morphological development, but also with the response of.Naall to exogenous NAA treatment with different concentrations, such as auxin synthesis, transport, signal transduction and other metabolic pathways. It is presumed that OsNAAL1 may be involved in the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway of rice auxin, thus affecting the root development of rice. Breeding and leaf morphogenesis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511

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