發(fā)布時間：2018-04-25 17:53

  本文選題：迷你黃瓜 + 雜種優(yōu)勢��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：迷你黃瓜作為果菜兼用型瓜類品種,深受廣大消費者喜愛。隨著經(jīng)濟生活水平的提升,營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)和外觀品質(zhì)性狀優(yōu)良的迷你黃瓜品種受到追捧并被迅速推廣。本研究采用6個迷你黃瓜自交系為親本,按照完全雙列雜交第2種方案配置15個雜交組合,計算并分析了主要性狀的雜種優(yōu)勢,對親本及雜交組合的配合力、遺傳參數(shù)、相關性及主成分分析進行了初步評價,目的在于篩選性狀優(yōu)良的親本和可用推廣使用的強優(yōu)勢組合,以期為迷你黃瓜育種提供理論依據(jù)。同時利用2個嫩果皮顏色差異明顯的迷你黃瓜自交系分別為綠色親本(0811)和白色親本(0801)構建P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2、BCP_1、BCP_2六世代群體,研究了迷你黃瓜嫩果皮顏色的遺傳規(guī)律并對控制嫩果皮白色性狀相關基因進行了初步定位。主要結果如下:1、農(nóng)藝性狀和品質(zhì)性狀變異分析不同親本及雜交組合間在農(nóng)藝性狀和品質(zhì)性狀上均表現(xiàn)出顯著或極顯著差異。在19個農(nóng)藝性狀中,前期單株產(chǎn)量、前期單株瓜數(shù)、瓜把長、第一雌花節(jié)位的遺傳變異系數(shù)最大,瓜粗、光合速率遺傳變異系數(shù)最小;在6個品質(zhì)性狀中,可溶性蛋白的遺傳變異系數(shù)最大,含水量的遺傳變異系數(shù)最小。2、雜種優(yōu)勢分析對雜交組合的植株性狀、單瓜性狀、產(chǎn)量性狀、品質(zhì)性狀進行雜種優(yōu)勢分析結果表明:在植株性狀方面可以改良雜交組合植株的生長勢,同時增強組合的增產(chǎn)潛力和早熟特性;在單瓜性狀方面可以進一步縮小果形;在產(chǎn)量性狀方面優(yōu)勢不明顯;在品質(zhì)性狀方面可以提高可溶性糖、可溶性固形物以及干物質(zhì)的含量。3、配合力分析親本0815在單株雌花數(shù)、雌花節(jié)率、維生素C含量上表現(xiàn)出高位正向效應值;株高表現(xiàn)出次高位正向效應值;單株瓜數(shù)、單株產(chǎn)量、第15節(jié)位葉面積和莖粗均表現(xiàn)出正向效應值,是綜合性狀優(yōu)良的親本。0801×0811、0801×0815在植株長勢、產(chǎn)量、熟性、品質(zhì)等方面均表現(xiàn)優(yōu)良,有潛力成為生產(chǎn)上推廣利用的組合。4、遺傳參數(shù)分析單株節(jié)位數(shù)、第15節(jié)位葉面積、第一雌花節(jié)位、雌花節(jié)率、可溶性蛋白、含水量、硬度的廣義遺傳力大于狹義遺傳力,這類性狀在育種后期進行選擇效果較好;而對于株高、莖粗、單株雌花數(shù)、單株瓜數(shù)、單株產(chǎn)量、瓜長、肉厚、瓜把長、瓜形指數(shù)、維生素C性狀表現(xiàn)出狹義遺傳力大于廣義遺傳力,此類性狀適宜在早期進行選育;其中諸如株高、單株雌花數(shù)、瓜把長性狀的廣義遺傳力和狹義遺傳力的效應值相差不大且相對較高,在早期選擇效果較好。5、相關性和主成分分析單株產(chǎn)量與單株瓜數(shù)、前期單株產(chǎn)量、前期單株瓜數(shù)、單株雌花數(shù)、雌花節(jié)率均表現(xiàn)出極顯著正相關,與第一雌花節(jié)位呈極顯著負相關;單株雌花數(shù)、第一雌花節(jié)位、前期單株瓜數(shù)、前期單株產(chǎn)量、瓜長、單株節(jié)位數(shù)、維生素C、可溶性固形物、含水量作為評價迷你黃瓜農(nóng)藝綜合性狀和品質(zhì)性狀的指標6、嫩果皮顏色性狀遺傳分析通過對六世代群體嫩果皮顏色性狀進行遺傳分析結果表明:F_1表現(xiàn)為綠色;F_2群體中嫩果皮綠色與白色分離比為3:1;BCP_1(P_1×F_1)群體中嫩果皮綠色與白色分離比為1:1;BCP_2(P_2×F_1)群體嫩果皮顏色全為綠色。根據(jù)孟德爾分離定律推測迷你黃瓜嫩果皮顏色是由單基因控制的質(zhì)量性狀,嫩果皮白色隱性于綠色。7、嫩果皮白色相關基因初定位利用BSA結合RNA-seq法開發(fā)多態(tài)性分子標記對迷你黃瓜嫩果皮白色性狀進行初定位,結果表明:將控制嫩果皮白色性狀的目的基因初步定位于3號染色體末端的38.73Mb-39.70Mb之間,物理距離大約為0.97Mb。
[Abstract]:Mini cucumber, as a fruit and vegetable variety, is very popular with consumers. With the improvement of economic life, Mini Cucumber Varieties with good nutritional quality and good appearance quality are popular and popularized rapidly. 6 mini cucumber inbred lines were used as parents and 15 complete diallel crosses were used in this study to configure 15 methods. The hybrid combination was used to calculate and analyze the Heterosis of the main traits. A preliminary evaluation was made on the combining ability, genetic parameters, correlation and principal component analysis of the parents and hybrid combinations. The purpose was to screen the good parents and the strong combination which could be used widely in order to provide the theoretical basis for the mini cucumber breeding. At the same time, 2 of them were used. The mini cucumber inbred lines with obvious color differences were green parents (0811) and white parents (0801) to construct P_1, P_2, F_1, F_2, BCP_1, BCP_2 six generations. The genetic rules of the skin color of the mini cucumber were studied and the primary location of the white characters of the skin was preliminarily located. The main results were as follows: 1, agronomic traits. In the 19 agronomic traits, the yield of single plant, the number of single plant, the longest, the first female flower node were the largest, the melon was coarse, and the genetic variation coefficient of photosynthetic rate was the smallest in the 6 agronomic traits. Among the qualitative characters, the genetic variation coefficient of soluble protein was the largest, and the genetic variation coefficient of water content was least.2. Heterosis analysis showed that the heterosis analysis results of plant traits, single melon traits, yield traits and quality traits of hybrid combinations showed that the growth potential of hybrid plants could be improved in plant traits and enhanced group. The yield increase potential and precocious characteristic, the fruit shape can be further reduced in the single melon character, the yield characteristics are not obvious, the soluble sugar, soluble solids and the content of dry matter can be increased in quality traits.3, and the parent 0815 is high in the number of female flowers, the female flower node rate and the vitamin C content. The positive effect value of the plant height showed the positive effect value of the secondary high, and the number of melon, the yield of single plant, the fifteenth node leaf area and the stem diameter showed positive effect value. It was good for the parent.0801 x 08110801 x 0815 in the plant growth, yield, maturity and quality, and had the potential to be used in production. .4, genetic parameters analysis single plant node, Fifteenth node leaf area, first female flower node, female flower node rate, soluble protein, water content and hardness greater than narrow heritability, this kind of trait is better in the late breeding, but for plant height, stem diameter, single plant female flower number, single plant number, single plant yield, melon length, meatness, melon. The long, melon shape index and vitamin C traits show that the narrow sense heritability is larger than the generalized heritability, and this kind of trait is suitable for early selection. Among them, the plant height, the number of female flowers per plant, the effect values of the broad heritability and the narrow sense heritability of long characters are relatively small and relatively high, and the early selection effect is better.5, correlation and principal component. The analysis of single plant yield and single plant number, early single plant yield, single plant number, single plant female flower number, female flower node rate showed very significant positive correlation, the number of female flowers, first female flower node, early single plant number, early single plant yield, melon length, single plant node, vitamin C, soluble solid substance. Water content was used as an index to evaluate the agronomic traits and quality traits of the mini cucumber. Genetic analysis of the color traits of the skin of the skin of the tender fruit showed that F_1 was green by the color traits of the six generation group of pericarp; the green and white separation ratio of the tender peel in the F_2 population was 3:1, and the green fruit green in the BCP_1 (P_1 * F_1) group was green. The skin color of BCP_2 (P_2 x F_1) group is all green. According to Mendel's law of separation, it is deduced that the skin color of the mini cucumber is a single gene controlled mass character, the white skin of the skin of the tender fruit is hidden in the green.7, the white related gene of the skin of the skin of the tender fruit is used to develop polymorphic molecular markers with BSA combined with RNA-seq method. The white character of your cucumber skin is first located. The result shows that the target gene that controls the white character of the skin of the tender fruit is initially located between 38.73Mb-39.70Mb at the end of chromosome 3, and the physical distance is about 0.97Mb.

【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S626;S642.2

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