本文選題：柑橘 + 特異基因��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：甜橙(Citrus sinensis)所在的柑橘屬(Citrus L)共有幾十個物種。隨著甜橙基因組草圖的完成,越來越多的柑橘屬基因組序列被測定,如克里曼丁(C.clemetina)、蠔殼刺(Severinia buxifolia)、枸櫞(C.medica)、宜昌橙(C.ichangenisis)、晚白柚(Citrus maxima)等。這些工作對于推進柑橘屬基因組的比較基因組學(xué)、功能基因組學(xué)和進化基因組學(xué)研究有重要作用。通過比較基因組學(xué)分析,找到一些物種中的特異基因,將有助于理解柑橘屬種間差異以及相關(guān)特異性狀產(chǎn)生的方式;對柑橘屬不同物種及其近緣物種間特異基因的進化和功能等研究,可為揭示柑橘屬不同物種間表型和適應(yīng)性差異的分子基礎(chǔ)提供依據(jù)。在這個基礎(chǔ)上,為了進一步從生物信息學(xué)的角度探索柑橘特異基因的物種特異性,本論文主要包括三個方面內(nèi)容:柑橘特異蛋白編碼基因的鑒定及特征分析;柑橘特異蛋白編碼基因的起源研究;柑橘特異mi RNA的起源研究。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)柑橘特異蛋白編碼基因的鑒定及特征分析。通過比較基因組學(xué)的分析方法,結(jié)合已經(jīng)測序的41個植物物種基因組數(shù)據(jù)和已公布的EST數(shù)據(jù)庫篩選出柑橘特異基因,在甜橙基因組中鑒定了296個保守柑橘特異基因(CCSG)和1039個甜橙特異蛋白編碼基因(CSG)。相對于柑橘進化保守基因(CEC),它們具有基因序列短,外顯子少,高GC含量,較少轉(zhuǎn)錄本支持,較少功能注釋結(jié)果等特征。(2)柑橘特異蛋白編碼基因的起源研究。新基因起源的分子機制主要有基因復(fù)制(GD)、外顯子重排(EDS)、可移動元件(TE)等。參考這些機制,本文對柑橘特異基因的起源問題進行了初步探索。得到的102對大片段復(fù)制(LSG)中分別包含了45個CCSG和162個CSG,猜測其可能的起源方式是GD;得到71個CCSG和119個CSG顯示其產(chǎn)生可能與TE相關(guān);得到1個CCSG和8個CSG顯示經(jīng)歷了EDS事件。(3)柑橘特異mi RNA的起源研究。根據(jù)甜橙全基因組mi RNA的鑒定結(jié)果及其相應(yīng)物種特異的38個mi RNA家族,探索了其基因家族的擴張模式,其中13個基因家族顯示有串聯(lián)重復(fù)(TD)事件發(fā)生,10個基因家族顯示有大片段復(fù)制(LSD)事件,為研究柑橘新起源的mi RNA基因家族的進化和功能提供參考。
[Abstract]:There are dozens of species in Citrus L., home to Citrus Sinensis. With the completion of the complete genome sketch of sweet orange, more and more citrus genome sequences have been sequenced, such as C. clemetina, Severinia buxifolia, C. medica, C. ichangeniensis, Citrus Maxima and so on. These works play an important role in promoting comparative genomics, functional genomics and evolutionary genomics of citrus genomes. By comparative genomics analysis, the identification of specific genes in some species will help to understand the differences among citrus species and the ways in which specific traits are produced. Studies on the evolution and function of specific genes among different species and their close relatives of Citrus may provide a basis for revealing the molecular basis of phenotypic and adaptive differences among different species of Citrus. On this basis, in order to further explore the species specificity of citrus specific genes from the perspective of bioinformatics, this paper mainly includes three aspects: identification and characterization of citrus specific protein coding genes; Studies on the origin of citrus specific protein encoding gene and the origin of citrus specific mi RNA. The main results are as follows: 1) Identification and characterization of citrus specific protein coding gene. Citrus specific genes were screened by comparative genomics analysis, combined with genomic data of 41 plant species that had been sequenced and published EST database. A total of 296 conserved citrus specific genes (CCSGG) and 1039 orange-specific protein encoding genes (CSGG) were identified in the genome of sweet orange. Compared with the conserved citrus gene (CECN), they have the characteristics of short sequence, less exons, higher GC content, less transcripts, less functional annotation, etc.) the origin of citrus specific protein coding genes is studied. The molecular mechanisms of the origin of the new gene include gene replication, exon rearrangement, and transportable elements, etc. Referring to these mechanisms, the origin of citrus specific genes was preliminarily explored. The 102 pairs of LSGs contained 45 CCSG and 162 CSGs respectively, and 71 CCSG and 119 CSG showed that they might be related to te. One CCSG and eight CSG were obtained to show the origin of citrus specific mi RNA. Based on the identification of the whole genome mi RNA of sweet orange and the 38 species specific mi RNA families, the expansion pattern of its gene family was explored. Among them, 13 gene families showed tandem repeat (td) events, and 10 showed large fragment replicas (LSD) events, which provided a reference for studying the evolution and function of the mi RNA gene family of citrus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S666

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