本文選題：廣東桑 + 魯桑�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：葉綠體基因組的結(jié)構(gòu)和組成較為保守且其片段的變異速率適中,適合用于研究植物的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化。桑樹是在亞洲地區(qū)栽培的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,本實(shí)驗(yàn)以廣東桑(Morus atropurpurea Roxb)的栽培品種“一串紅”和魯桑(Morus multicaulis Perr)的栽培品種“日本胡橙”為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)廣東桑和魯桑葉綠體基因組進(jìn)行測(cè)序,研究桑屬栽培種廣東桑和魯桑的葉綠體基因組結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)合蒙桑(Morus mongolica Schneid)、印度桑(Morus indica Linne)和川桑(Morus notabilis Schneid)的葉綠體基因組,對(duì)桑屬植物的親緣關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.廣東桑和魯桑葉綠體基因組是典型的四部分結(jié)構(gòu),廣東桑葉綠體基因組總長(zhǎng)159113 bp,兩個(gè)反向互不重復(fù)區(qū)(IRa和IRb)均長(zhǎng)25707 bp,被小單拷貝區(qū)(SSC)和大單拷貝區(qū)(LSC)分隔開,SSC和LSC的長(zhǎng)度分別是87824 bp和19875 bp;魯桑葉綠體基因組全長(zhǎng)159154 bp,包括一對(duì)反向重復(fù)區(qū)長(zhǎng)為25678 bp,一個(gè)大的單拷貝區(qū)長(zhǎng)為87763 bp和一個(gè)小的單拷貝區(qū)長(zhǎng)為20035 bp。2.廣東桑和魯桑的葉綠體基因組注釋相同數(shù)量的基因,共有130個(gè)基因,包含85個(gè)蛋白編碼基因(18個(gè)基因位于反向重復(fù)區(qū))、8個(gè)核糖體RNA基因(r RNA)和37個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)RNA基因(t RNA)。且廣東桑和魯桑中含有內(nèi)含子的基因的數(shù)量是一樣的,均為24個(gè),其中有22個(gè)基因只包含1個(gè)內(nèi)含子(包括12個(gè)蛋白編碼基因、8個(gè)t RNA基因和2個(gè)假基因),另外有2個(gè)基因含有2個(gè)內(nèi)含子,分別是clpP基因和ycf3基因,廣東桑和魯桑葉綠體基因的數(shù)目、種類以及CG含量與其他的桑屬植物相類似。3.通過生物信息學(xué)分析,廣東桑有83個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)序列(SSR)位點(diǎn),單核苷酸、二核苷酸、三核苷酸、四核苷酸和五核苷酸重復(fù)基序的個(gè)數(shù)分別是60個(gè)、8個(gè)、3個(gè)、10個(gè)和2個(gè),未發(fā)現(xiàn)六核苷酸重復(fù)序列,數(shù)量最多的重復(fù)序列是A/T和AT/TA,這些重復(fù)基序占總數(shù)的79.8%;而魯桑共搜索到82個(gè)SSR位點(diǎn),單核苷酸、二核苷酸、三核苷酸、四核苷酸和五核苷酸重復(fù)基序分別有63個(gè)、7個(gè)、2個(gè)、9個(gè)和1個(gè),同樣未發(fā)現(xiàn)六核苷酸,單核苷酸重復(fù)基序在魯桑的葉綠體基因組總重復(fù)基序中占76.8%。所有的單核苷酸和14個(gè)SSR的多核苷酸由A和T組成。對(duì)SSR位置進(jìn)行探討,10個(gè)核苷酸重復(fù)基序位于編碼區(qū),其余的位于非編碼區(qū)。大多數(shù)位點(diǎn)都偏向由A或T組成。4.用MEGA 6.0軟件通過最大似然法(ML)和鄰近法(NJ)對(duì)包括5個(gè)桑屬物種在內(nèi)的27個(gè)物種的葉綠體全基因組序列進(jìn)行聚類分析,桑屬物種聚成一組,其中廣東桑和蒙桑聚成一個(gè)小組,再和魯桑聚在一起,印度桑和川桑聚成一個(gè)小組。研究結(jié)果對(duì)于葉綠體基因組工程研究、桑屬種間的分子標(biāo)記開發(fā)和優(yōu)良品種培育具有一定參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The structure and composition of chloroplast genome are conserved, and the variation rate of chloroplast genome is moderate, which is suitable for phylogeny of plants.Mulberry is an important economic crop cultivated in Asia. The cultivars of Morus atropurpurea Roxb and Morus multicaulis Perrn in Guangdong Province were used as experimental materials.The chloroplast genomes of Morus mongolica mongolica, Morus indica Linnei and Morus notabilis Schneidi were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technique. The chloroplast genomes of Morus mongolica Schneidi and Morus notabilis Schneidi were studied.The relationship of mulberry plants was studied.The main results are as follows: 1.The chloroplast genome of Guangdong mulberry and Lu mulberry is a typical four-part structure.The total length of chloroplast genome of Guangdong mulberry is 159113 BP, and the length of two reverse non-duplicated regions is 25707 BP. The length of chloroplast LSC separated by small single copy region and large single copy region is 87824 BP and 19875 BP, respectively, while the length of chloroplast genome is 19875 BP.159154 BP, including a pair of reverse repeat region length of 25678 BP, a large single copy region length of 87763 BP and a small single copy region length of 20035 bp.2.There are 130 genes in the chloroplast genome of Guangdong mulberry and Lu mulberry, which contain 85 protein coding genes (18 genes located in reverse repeat region, 8 ribosomal RNA genes) and 37 transporter RNA gene tRNAs.And the number of intron genes in Guangdong mulberry and Lu mulberry were the same, which were both 24.Among them, 22 genes contain only one intron (including 12 protein coding genes, 8 t RNA genes and 2 pseudogenic genes), and the other 2 genes contain 2 introns, which are clpP gene and ycf3 gene, respectively.The number, species and CG content of chloroplast genes in Mulberry and Lu-mulberry of Guangdong Province were similar to those of other mulberry plants.According to bioinformatics analysis, there are 83 SSRs in Guangdong mulberry. The number of single nucleotide, dinucleotide, trinucleotide, tetranucleotide and pentanucleotide repeat motifs are 60, 8, 3, 10 and 2, respectively.Six nucleotide repeats were not found, and the largest number of repeats were A / T and AT / T, which accounted for 79.8 percent of the total number of repeats, while in Rusan 82 SSR sites, single nucleotides, dinucleotides, trinucleotides, and dinucleotides were found.There were 63, 7, 2, 9 and 1 quanucleotide repeat motifs, respectively. The single nucleotide repeats accounted for 76.8% of the total repeat motifs in the chloroplast genome.All single nucleotides and 14 SSR polynucleotides are composed of A and T.The location of SSR was studied. Ten nucleotide repeat motifs were located in the coding region and the others were in the non-coding region.Most sites tend to be composed of A. or T.The chloroplast whole genome sequences of 27 species, including 5 mulberry species, were analyzed by MEGA 6.0 software by maximum likelihood method (MLL) and adjacent method (NJ). Mulberry species were clustered into a group, among which Guangdong mulberry and Mongolian mulberry gathered as a group.Then, together with Rusan, India and Kawasang get together in a group.The results are valuable for the development of interspecific molecular markers and breeding of fine varieties in chloroplast genome engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S888.2

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