本文選題：普通小麥 + 核心種質��； 參考：《河南農業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：籽粒硬度是小麥品質性狀改良的重要目標之一,研究黃淮麥區(qū)核心種質資源小麥籽粒硬度的基因型分布規(guī)律,能夠為我國小麥品質改良和種質資源利用提供信息。本試驗以來自我國黃淮麥區(qū)的244份小麥核心種質為參試材料,采用單籽粒谷物特性測試儀和特異引物的PCR擴增對其SKCS硬度及其基因型進行鑒定。對全部參試材料的籽粒硬度表型、Puroindo1ine的不同等位變異類型進行了鑒定與分析。本試驗結論如下:本試驗的244份小麥核心種質資源以硬質型小麥為主,占總參試材料的56.6%,其硬質麥基因型共有Pina-D1b、Pina-D1r、Pina-D1s、Pina-D1l、Pinb-D1b、Pinb-D1p、Pinb-D1ab、Pinb-D1e、Pinb-D1t和Pinb-D1u共10種單倍型,其分布比例分別為2.1%、5.3%、4.5%、0.8%、25.8%、15.7%、0.4%、0.4%、0.8%和0.8%,其中Pina-D1b、Pina-D1r、Pina-D1s和Pina-D1l 4種類型均導致PINA蛋白缺失。可以看出,Pinb-D1p在參試材料硬質麥中占有主導地位,PINA蛋白缺失類型(包含Pina-D1b、Pina-D1r、Pina-D1s和Pina-D1l 4種類型)也有廣泛的分布。不同來源小麥品種籽粒硬度基因型分布表明,山西、河南、云南和新疆小麥品種籽粒硬度基因型較為豐富,擁有多達10種Puroindoline基因型,而國外引進品種和歷史品種較為單一。不同類型小麥品種籽粒硬度基因型分布表明,農家種小麥籽粒硬度基因型更為豐富。在各種Puroindoline-D1等位變異類型中,擁有PINA-null/PINB-D1a類型的小麥品種SKCS籽粒硬度顯著高于擁有Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p類型的小麥品種。本項研究表明黃淮麥區(qū)核心種質資源具有豐富的籽粒硬度主效基因變異類型,結合前人研究中認為的PINA蛋白缺失變異類型的磨粉品質和面包烘烤品質都比Pinb-D1b類型差,但擁有相對較好的印度薄餅加工品質,因此品質育種過程中可依據(jù)育種目標有選擇的利用黃淮麥區(qū)小麥核心種質資源。
[Abstract]:Grain hardness is one of the important goals of wheat quality improvement. Studying the distribution of wheat kernel hardness genotypes in Huanghuai wheat region can provide information for wheat quality improvement and utilization of germplasm resources in China.The SKCS hardness and genotype of 244 wheat core collections from Huanghuai wheat region of China were identified by single grain grain characteristic tester and PCR amplification with specific primers.The different allelic variation types of Puroindo1ine in grain hardness phenotype of all the tested materials were identified and analyzed.The distribution ratio was 2.1and 5.3cm, about 4.50.58, and 15.70.74% and 0.8%, respectively. The four types of Pina-D1b, Pina-D1r-Pina-D1s and Pina-D1l all caused the deletion of PINA protein.It can be seen that Pinb-D1p plays a dominant role in the deletion of Pina protein (including Pina-D1bP1r-Pina-D1s and Pina-D1l).The distribution of grain hardness genotypes of wheat varieties from different sources showed that wheat varieties from Shanxi Henan Yunnan and Xinjiang had more hardness genotypes and had as many as 10 Puroindoline genotypes.The distribution of grain hardness genotypes in different wheat varieties showed that there were more hardness genotypes in farm wheat.Among all Puroindoline-D1 allelic variation types, wheat varieties with PINA-null/PINB-D1a type had significantly higher grain hardness of SKCS than those with Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p types.This study showed that the core germplasm resources of Huanghuai wheat region had abundant variation types of kernel hardness genes, and the milling quality and bread baking quality of the variant type of PINA protein deficiency were worse than that of Pinb-D1b type.But it has relatively good processing quality of Indian pancakes, so the wheat core germplasm resources of Huang-Huai wheat region can be selected according to breeding objectives in quality breeding.
【學位授予單位】：河南農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S512.1

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