本文選題：血型　切入點(diǎn)：基因頻率　出處：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人類的血型由基因遺傳決定,血型的遺傳度為100%,具有較高的遺傳性。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),社會(huì)科技的發(fā)展取得了巨大的進(jìn)步,優(yōu)秀的科技成果廣泛的運(yùn)用到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,教練員借助科學(xué)手段選取運(yùn)動(dòng)員的方法也越來越成熟,不同項(xiàng)目運(yùn)動(dòng)選材的指標(biāo)也越來越完善。由于血型具有較高的遺傳性,血型與運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的關(guān)聯(lián)也成為一項(xiàng)研究?jī)?nèi)容。近年來有關(guān)血型與運(yùn)動(dòng)專項(xiàng)的研究從未間斷,有關(guān)血型與運(yùn)動(dòng)專項(xiàng)的研究成果存在較大的分歧。分歧主要分為兩類:一類學(xué)者認(rèn)為血型與運(yùn)動(dòng)專項(xiàng)之間存在必然聯(lián)系,日本運(yùn)動(dòng)血型學(xué)專家能允正比古是此種觀點(diǎn)的代表。另一類學(xué)者認(rèn)為,血型與運(yùn)動(dòng)專項(xiàng)無關(guān),兩者不存在必然聯(lián)系。他們認(rèn)為,血型是紅細(xì)胞抗原在個(gè)體間的差異,這種差異不會(huì)影響運(yùn)動(dòng)員的運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)。盡管有關(guān)血型與身體素質(zhì)方面的研究很多,但大多是針對(duì)某一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行研究,研究結(jié)果只能說明某一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的血型分布特點(diǎn),以及血型與該運(yùn)動(dòng)專項(xiàng)之間的聯(lián)系,不具有整體代表性。本文以我國(guó)著名學(xué)者田麥久先生的項(xiàng)群理論的分類方法為基礎(chǔ),從每一個(gè)項(xiàng)群中選取一個(gè)或多個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)動(dòng)員作為研究對(duì)象。運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、訪談法、測(cè)試法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)。檢測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的血型,分析每個(gè)項(xiàng)目運(yùn)動(dòng)員的血型分布和基因頻率分布特點(diǎn),通過與非運(yùn)動(dòng)員的血型分布進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,進(jìn)而判斷血型與各個(gè)專項(xiàng)之間是否存在必然聯(lián)系。進(jìn)一步通過與非運(yùn)動(dòng)員的基因頻率分布進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,更加深入的了解基因頻率與運(yùn)動(dòng)專項(xiàng)之間是否存在必然聯(lián)系。結(jié)果顯示:1、每個(gè)項(xiàng)群運(yùn)動(dòng)員與非運(yùn)動(dòng)員的血型分布都存在差異性。對(duì)每個(gè)項(xiàng)群運(yùn)動(dòng)員與非運(yùn)動(dòng)員的血型分布進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)可知,格斗類項(xiàng)群、隔網(wǎng)對(duì)抗性項(xiàng)群、表現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)確性項(xiàng)群、快速力量性項(xiàng)群部分血型P值小于0.05,差異明顯。速度性、耐力性、表現(xiàn)難美性、同場(chǎng)對(duì)抗性、格斗對(duì)抗性等項(xiàng)群各種血型P值均大于0.05,盡管速度性、耐力性、表現(xiàn)難美性、同場(chǎng)對(duì)抗性、格斗對(duì)抗性等項(xiàng)群運(yùn)動(dòng)員與非運(yùn)動(dòng)員的血型分布存在差異性,但差異不明顯�？梢哉J(rèn)為,血型與運(yùn)動(dòng)專項(xiàng)之間存在必然聯(lián)系,但血型與不同項(xiàng)目之間聯(lián)系的程度有所不同。2、每個(gè)項(xiàng)群運(yùn)動(dòng)員與非運(yùn)動(dòng)員的基因頻率分布都存在差異性。對(duì)每個(gè)項(xiàng)群運(yùn)動(dòng)員與非運(yùn)動(dòng)員的基因頻率分布進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)可知,各項(xiàng)群的P值都大于0.05。因此,各項(xiàng)群運(yùn)動(dòng)員與非運(yùn)動(dòng)員的基因分布盡管存在差異性,但差異不明顯�？梢哉J(rèn)為,運(yùn)動(dòng)員和非運(yùn)動(dòng)員基因頻率的分布特點(diǎn)有所不同,但基因頻率與運(yùn)動(dòng)專項(xiàng)之間不存在必然聯(lián)系。3、結(jié)合血型與運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身體素質(zhì)的研究成果,和不同項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn)分析其原因。找出每個(gè)項(xiàng)目最適合的血型。進(jìn)而為運(yùn)動(dòng)員選材提供參考,為大眾健身選擇適合的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目提供建議和心理暗示,進(jìn)而提高大眾參與健身的積極性。
[Abstract]:Human blood type is determined by genetic inheritance, and the heritability of blood group is 100, which has a high heritability. Since 21th century, the development of social science and technology has made great progress, and excellent scientific and technological achievements have been widely used in various fields. Coaches' methods of selecting athletes by scientific means are becoming more and more mature, and the indexes of selecting athletes in different events are becoming more and more perfect. The association between blood type and athletic ability has also been a subject of research. In recent years, research on blood type and sports has never stopped. There are great differences between blood groups and sports. The differences are divided into two categories: one is that there is an inevitable relationship between blood type and sports. Japanese sports blood group expert Neng Zhengbigu is a representative of this view. Another group of scholars believe that blood type has nothing to do with sports events, and there is no necessary connection between the two. They believe that blood type is the difference between individuals with red blood cell antigen. This difference does not affect athletes' athletic performance. Although there are a lot of studies on blood type and physical fitness, most of them are for one sport, and the results can only explain the distribution of blood groups in one sport. And the relationship between blood type and the special events of the movement is not representative as a whole. This paper is based on the classification method of the project group theory of Mr. Tian Maijiu, a famous scholar in China. The athletes of one or more sports were selected from each group as the research objects. The methods of literature, interview, test, mathematical statistics were used to test the athletes' blood type. The blood group distribution and gene frequency distribution of athletes in each event were analyzed and compared with that of non-athletes. And then to determine whether there is an inevitable connection between blood type and each specific item. Further, by comparing the genetic frequency distribution with that of non-athletes, A deeper understanding of whether there is an inevitable link between genetic frequency and sports events. The results show that there are differences in the blood type distribution between athletes and non-athletes in each group of events. The distribution of blood groups was detected by chi-square test. The P value of some blood groups of fighting group, net separation group, performance accuracy group and fast strength group is less than 0.05, the difference is obvious. The difference is obvious, such as speed, endurance, difficulty in beauty, resistance to the same field, and so on. P value of all kinds of blood groups was greater than 0.05, although there were differences in blood group distribution between athletes and non-athletes, such as speed, endurance, difficulty in beauty, resistance in the same field, confrontation in fighting, and so on. But the difference is not obvious. It can be concluded that there is an inevitable connection between blood type and sports events. However, the degree of association between blood type and different events is different. 2. There are differences in gene frequency distribution between athletes and non-athletes in each group. The genetic frequency distribution of athletes and non-athletes in each group is verified by chi-square test. The P value of each group is more than 0.05. Therefore, the gene distribution of each group athletes and non-athletes is different, but the difference is not obvious. It can be concluded that the distribution characteristics of gene frequency of athletes and non-athletes are different. However, there is no necessary relationship between gene frequency and sports events, combining the research results of blood type and athletes' physical quality. To find out the most suitable blood type for each event, and then to provide reference for athletes to select suitable sports items, and to provide suggestions and psychological hints for the public to choose suitable sports items. And then improve the enthusiasm of the public to participate in fitness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G808.18

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