本文選題：民間借貸 + 合法性��； 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：民間借貸作為中國(guó)金融行業(yè)的“老兵”,始終得不到政府官方認(rèn)可,且一直經(jīng)受著相關(guān)部門(mén)的監(jiān)管抑制。其依托于非正規(guī)金融體系的合法地位的缺失與政府相關(guān)部門(mén)民間借貸監(jiān)管職能的缺乏,致使我國(guó)民間金融行業(yè)長(zhǎng)期處于盲目的發(fā)展階段。神木縣以及溫州和鄂爾多斯的信貸崩盤(pán),都只是我國(guó)民間借貸現(xiàn)存問(wèn)題和潛在危機(jī)的縮影。至此追究其原因,表面上看是由于地方上的民間資本不顧客觀現(xiàn)實(shí),無(wú)限度的追求暴利和尋求突破,導(dǎo)致民間借貸泡沫膨脹,實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)大受打擊。另一方面,由于物價(jià)飛漲、流通性緊縮,中小企業(yè)很難從傳統(tǒng)正規(guī)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)中貸出錢(qián)來(lái),因此簡(jiǎn)單、靈活的民間借貸得以盛行。更深一層的原因是地方性信貸系統(tǒng)的不完善,以及地方性政府民間借貸監(jiān)管體系的缺失而造成的。民間借貸這一特殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)形式,作為一把“雙刃劍”正影響著我國(guó)的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的人民文化生活。一方面由于自發(fā)性和缺乏外部制約等問(wèn)題,確實(shí)會(huì)因謀取暴利而構(gòu)成諸多經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪,諸如民間非法集資、非法高利轉(zhuǎn)貸、暴利金融傳銷,甚至一些觸犯刑法的人身傷害等。另一方面,也正以其獨(dú)特的自身優(yōu)勢(shì)為大規(guī)模民間資本尋求突破的同時(shí),也為正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)做出了很好的補(bǔ)充,為民營(yíng)企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商業(yè)者貸款難的問(wèn)題尋找到了新的出路。顯然政府應(yīng)首當(dāng)其沖利用“監(jiān)管”這一強(qiáng)硬且有效的行政手段,同時(shí)堅(jiān)固法律法規(guī)和遵循市場(chǎng)供求規(guī)律,處理和協(xié)調(diào)好這“兩方面”問(wèn)題,做到國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)高速、穩(wěn)定、持續(xù)發(fā)展。 介于我國(guó)的基本國(guó)情,通過(guò)現(xiàn)行我國(guó)民間借貸政府監(jiān)管制度和體系缺失的研究,以及國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和地區(qū)相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒,筆者認(rèn)為：通過(guò)立法與民間宣傳教育相結(jié)合的方式,以民間借貸觀念深入民心為目的,確立民間借貸在我國(guó)的合法地位；通過(guò)信貸資金流向監(jiān)控制度與民間借貸監(jiān)管人員考核制度的實(shí)現(xiàn),進(jìn)一步完善現(xiàn)行民間借貸監(jiān)管制度；通過(guò)明確地方性工商管理部門(mén)與銀監(jiān)會(huì)的民間借貸監(jiān)管職能,解決我國(guó)政府部門(mén)相關(guān)職能缺失問(wèn)題；結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果,實(shí)行政府相關(guān)部門(mén)合規(guī)監(jiān)管與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制結(jié)合的混合監(jiān)管,以及政府部門(mén)主動(dòng)監(jiān)管與民間借貸行業(yè)自律性相結(jié)合監(jiān)管的兩種模式。 本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：利用賦予現(xiàn)存部門(mén)政府所缺失的職能,替代成立新的專職監(jiān)管部門(mén),在實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)政府部門(mén)新職能的同時(shí),一定程度上解決了機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置上的冗余問(wèn)題,并且使執(zhí)行同一監(jiān)管職能的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)分工明確：地方工商管理部門(mén)側(cè)重于合規(guī)監(jiān)管,銀監(jiān)會(huì)側(cè)重于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制；成立民間借貸交易管理中心,豐富圍繞在非正規(guī)金融監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的民間金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)；從提高政府監(jiān)管人員素質(zhì)角度,建立民間借貸監(jiān)管人員考核制度；通過(guò)繼續(xù)探索更加全面且更具實(shí)效性的政府監(jiān)管模式,達(dá)到使民間借貸政府監(jiān)管這一職能具有一定的延展性和向前發(fā)展的潛力。 第一章緒論通過(guò)對(duì)神木縣由于民間信貸崩盤(pán)而造成的當(dāng)?shù)亟鹑谖C(jī)現(xiàn)象的描述和分析,淺析現(xiàn)象背后的原因與對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的深遠(yuǎn)影響,從而對(duì)其總結(jié)和概括,形成文章的研究背景及研究意義；第二章內(nèi)容通過(guò)對(duì)民間借貸概念、特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的描述,揭示了民間借貸與正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的關(guān)系,以及其在我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展體系中不可或缺的地位和重要作用；第三章作為文章的次核心章節(jié),其內(nèi)容揭露和分析了我國(guó)現(xiàn)行民間借貸政府監(jiān)管制度和體系的缺失,并解釋了相關(guān)問(wèn)題的原因,為隨后的金融監(jiān)管體制改革和民間借貸政府監(jiān)管的改進(jìn)提供了理論素材。第四章內(nèi)容是就國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的民間借貸政府監(jiān)管問(wèn)題與我國(guó)進(jìn)行比較研究,總結(jié)其中值得借鑒的先進(jìn)的監(jiān)管理念和監(jiān)管模式。第五章作為文章的核心章節(jié),筆者結(jié)合前文我國(guó)現(xiàn)行政府民間借貸監(jiān)管問(wèn)題原因分析以及國(guó)外民間借貸監(jiān)管經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒,就我國(guó)民間借貸政府監(jiān)管法律體系的確立、制度及職能的建立與監(jiān)管模式探索等闡述了自己的觀點(diǎn)和些許建議。
[Abstract]:As the "veteran" of the Chinese financial industry, private lending has never been recognized by the government, and has been withstanding the regulation of the relevant departments. The lack of legal status of the informal financial system and the lack of government related departments' functions of private lending supervision have led to a long blind hair in the private financial industry. The credit collapse of Shenmu county and Wenzhou and Ordos is the epitome of the existing problems and potential crises in China's private lending. On the other hand, because of the soaring prices and tight liquidity, it is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to lend money from the traditional formal financial institutions, so the simple and flexible private lending prevails. The deeper reason is the imperfection of local credit system and the lack of local government private lending supervision system. As a "double-edged sword", as a "double-edged sword", the special economic form of borrowing and lending is affecting the people's cultural life of our national economy and society. On the one hand, because of the spontaneity and lack of external constraints, there are many economic crimes, such as the illegal fund-raising of the folk, the illegal high profit transfer and the financial pyramid selling. On the other hand, on the other hand, it is also making a good supplement to the regular financial institutions with its unique advantages for the large-scale private capital. It is a new way for private enterprises and individual business owners to find a new way out. It is clear that the government should make the best use of it. To regulate this tough and effective administrative means, at the same time, strengthen the laws and regulations and follow the law of market supply and demand, deal with and coordinate the "two aspects", so as to achieve high speed, stability and sustainable development of the national economy.
In the context of the basic national conditions of our country, through the research on the lack of the current government supervision system and system and the related experience of the developed countries and regions in foreign countries, the author believes that the purpose of the combination of legislation and civil publicity and education is to establish the legitimacy of folk lending in our country with the purpose of deepening the folk lending concept to the people. Status; through the realization of the flow of credit funds to monitoring system and the assessment system of private lending regulators, the current supervision system of private lending is further perfected, and the problem of the lack of related functions of the government departments in our country is solved by defining the functions of the local industrial and commercial management departments and the regulatory functions of the private lending of the Banking Regulatory Commission, and the research results at home and abroad are combined. The two modes of combination of government related departments and risk control are implemented, as well as the combination of the government departments' active supervision and the self-discipline of the private lending industry.
The innovation point: instead of setting up a new full-time supervisory department by giving the functions missing from the government of the existing department, we can solve the redundant problems in the institution setting while realizing the new functions of the government department in our country, and make clear the division of labor in the regulatory agency executing the same regulatory function: the local business administration department emphasizes the emphasis. In compliance with regulation, the CBRC focuses on risk control, establishes a private lending and transaction management center, enriches the private financial services industry around the informal financial regulatory authorities, and establishes a civil debit regulator assessment system from the perspective of improving the quality of the government regulators; and through continuing to explore a more comprehensive and more effective administration. The government regulation mode has the potential to extend the function of private lending government supervision.
The first chapter is an introduction to the description and analysis of the local financial crisis caused by the collapse of folk credit in Shenmu county, analysis of the reasons behind the phenomenon and the profound influence on our national economy, so as to summarize and summarize the background and research significance of the article, and the second chapter through the concept of private lending, special The description of the point and the development situation reveals the relationship between the private lending and the formal financial institutions and its indispensable position and important role in the national economic development system of our country. As the sub core chapter of the article, the third chapter reveals and analyzes the lack of the current government supervision system and system in our country. The reasons for the related problems are explained, and the theoretical material is provided for the reform of the financial supervision system and the improvement of the government supervision of the private lending government. The fourth chapter is the comparative study on the supervision of the private lending government in developed countries and regions of foreign countries and our country, and summarizes the advanced supervision ideas and modes of supervision which are worthy of reference. The five chapter, as the core chapter of the article, combines the analysis of the reasons for the government's current government private lending supervision and the experience of foreign private lending supervision, and expounds the views and some suggestions on the establishment of the legal system of the government supervision and regulation, the establishment of the system and function and the exploration of the mode of supervision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4;D630

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