本文選題：農(nóng)村小額信貸 + 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)　； 參考：《貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：上世紀(jì)70年代尤諾斯教授創(chuàng)建的農(nóng)村小額信貸自從1993年引入我國以來,對(duì)于我國農(nóng)村金融體系的完善和發(fā)展發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。同時(shí),在為廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)特別是欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的農(nóng)村低收入群體的扶貧脫貧方面起到了及其重要的作用,有利地支持了我國“三農(nóng)”的發(fā)展。貴州是中國貧困程度最深的省份,其農(nóng)村小額信貸發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了由試點(diǎn)到推廣再到全面開展的階段,并形成了以農(nóng)村信用社為主,郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行和各種村鎮(zhèn)銀行以及小額信貸公司并存的競爭格局,各種小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)貴州農(nóng)村的發(fā)展發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和金融深化,貴州農(nóng)村的小額信貸出現(xiàn)了諸如面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(包括自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn))問題、資金供需問題、機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的管理等問題,并由此影響其扶貧支農(nóng)的效果。首先,本文介紹了國外小額信貸的典型模式及其特點(diǎn),并由此提出為了適合我國國情的發(fā)展,我國應(yīng)當(dāng)借鑒印尼人民銀行的制度主義模式。而后,文章分析了現(xiàn)有貴州農(nóng)村小額信貸模式的發(fā)展情況,主要從小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)的生存環(huán)境、支農(nóng)效果和存在的問題及分析三個(gè)方面來闡述。對(duì)小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)的環(huán)境環(huán)境分析主要從宏觀環(huán)境、微觀環(huán)境和行業(yè)的競爭三個(gè)方面來分析小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)面臨的外部環(huán)境的機(jī)會(huì)和威脅,內(nèi)部環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)；通過實(shí)證分析小額信貸對(duì)農(nóng)戶收入的影響；針對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的季節(jié)性特點(diǎn)以及農(nóng)戶的信用意識(shí)薄弱等方面分析了小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)的支農(nóng)貸款面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題,同時(shí),小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)面臨自身的資金供給問題和人才匱乏問題。對(duì)此,本文在滿足小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的前提下,探索性地設(shè)計(jì)出適合貴州農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展的小額信貸模式,構(gòu)建出貴州農(nóng)村小額信貸的創(chuàng)新模式。創(chuàng)新模式主要從小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)營銷其產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)角度出發(fā),利用營銷學(xué)原理,分別從產(chǎn)品、利率、渠道和推廣四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行探索設(shè)計(jì)。并針對(duì)有關(guān)問題提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議,包括：正確行使政府職能、加強(qiáng)微觀金融環(huán)境建設(shè)、明晰產(chǎn)權(quán)改革及管理、降低小額信貸的成本以及降低小額信貸的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等方面。以期幫助貴州農(nóng)村小額信貸實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)構(gòu)上的可持續(xù)性和支農(nóng)扶貧的雙重目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Since it was introduced into China in 1993, the rural microfinance founded by Professor Yunus in the 1970s has played a vital role in the improvement and development of the rural financial system in China. At the same time, it has played an important role in poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation for rural low income groups in rural areas, especially in underdeveloped areas, and has supported the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in China. Guizhou is the most impoverished province in China. The development of rural micro-credit has gone through the stage from pilot to popularization to full development, and has formed a rural credit cooperative. Postal savings bank, various village banks and micro-credit companies coexist in the competitive pattern, and various micro-credit institutions play an important role in the development of Guizhou rural areas. With the globalization of the economy and the deepening of finance, problems such as facing risks (including natural risks, market risks, credit risks), supply and demand of funds, and internal management of institutions have emerged in rural areas of Guizhou. And thus affect its poverty alleviation and support for agriculture. First of all, this paper introduces the typical models and characteristics of microfinance abroad, and puts forward that in order to adapt to the development of China's national conditions, we should learn from the institutional model of the people's Bank of Indonesia. Then, the article analyzes the development of the existing rural micro-credit model in Guizhou, mainly from three aspects: the living environment of microfinance institutions, the effect of supporting agriculture, the existing problems and the analysis of three aspects. The environmental analysis of microfinance institutions mainly from the macro environment, micro environment and industry competition to analyze the opportunities and threats of the external environment faced by microfinance institutions, the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment; Through empirical analysis of the impact of micro-credit on farmers' income, the paper analyzes the risk of micro-credit institutions' agricultural loans in view of the seasonal characteristics of agricultural production and the weak credit consciousness of farmers. Microfinance institutions are faced with their own problems of capital supply and lack of talent. Therefore, on the premise of satisfying the sustainable development of microfinance institutions, this paper explores the design of a microfinance model suitable for the development of Guizhou rural areas, and constructs an innovative model of rural microfinance in Guizhou. The innovation model mainly starts from the angle of marketing its products and services by the micro-credit institutions, and makes use of the marketing principle to explore and design the products, interest rates, channels and promotion respectively from four aspects: product, interest rate, channel and promotion. The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, including: correctly performing the government function, strengthening the construction of micro-financial environment, clarifying the reform and management of property rights, reducing the cost of microcredit and reducing the risk of microcredit, and so on. In order to help Guizhou rural micro-credit to achieve the dual goals of sustainability and supporting agriculture poverty alleviation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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