【摘要】：隨著改革開放的不斷深化，從上個(gè)世紀(jì)末開始，我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和城鎮(zhèn)化已步入快速發(fā)展的階段，其顯著特征是：除了農(nóng)村的產(chǎn)業(yè)和人口迅速向各級(jí)城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移和集聚以外，還伴隨各類農(nóng)用地、未利用地轉(zhuǎn)化為建設(shè)用地。鑒于我國(guó)人口地少、耕地稀缺的現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情，在城鎮(zhèn)化過(guò)程中我們不僅要關(guān)注人口和產(chǎn)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)移，更需要加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)土地的轉(zhuǎn)換和合理有效利用。因此，，本文以我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展最為迅猛的京津冀北地區(qū)為研究范圍，以區(qū)縣為主要統(tǒng)計(jì)單元，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地在2000-2010年期間的規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)和土地使用的人口經(jīng)濟(jì)績(jī)效，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)整個(gè)區(qū)域城鄉(xiāng)空間發(fā)展類型進(jìn)行了劃分。 由于我國(guó)特殊的城鄉(xiāng)二元土地制度，城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)用地在擴(kuò)張過(guò)程中是兩個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的主體，被賦予完全不同的使用權(quán)能，人為地造成我國(guó)建設(shè)用地市場(chǎng)的割裂，其結(jié)果是一方面城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地不足，只能設(shè)立各種名目的獨(dú)立工礦用地來(lái)緩解建設(shè)需求，另一方面農(nóng)村建設(shè)用地大量空置，利用效率不高，浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展，需要將兩者統(tǒng)一起來(lái)考慮，從而尋找城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地增長(zhǎng)問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)。 本文通過(guò)研究分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，京津冀北地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地增長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中存在如下特征：（1）城鎮(zhèn)工礦用地上升是近年來(lái)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地增長(zhǎng)的主要推手；（2）城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地在不同區(qū)域的現(xiàn)狀分布和增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)差異明顯，不同類型的城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地空間集聚特征也完全不同；（3）城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地新增來(lái)源仍舊以耕地為代表的農(nóng)用地為主，內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換比例過(guò)低；（4）人均建設(shè)用地增長(zhǎng)迅速，特別是農(nóng)村人均用地建設(shè)用地2010年達(dá)到國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上限的1.9倍，低效無(wú)序利用問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重；（5）城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地的人口密度和經(jīng)濟(jì)密度在空間分布存在差異化的多中心結(jié)構(gòu)，密度中心的輻射范圍和門檻值也有較大不同，區(qū)域內(nèi)部城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地聚集人口和承載經(jīng)濟(jì)的功能存在區(qū)別。 因此，在未來(lái)城鄉(xiāng)空間發(fā)展過(guò)程中，充分挖掘人均建設(shè)用地的下降潛力、注重提高農(nóng)村建設(shè)用地和城鎮(zhèn)工礦用地之間的轉(zhuǎn)換比例，制定差異化的區(qū)域空間發(fā)展政策至少是未來(lái)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地增長(zhǎng)管理工作的三個(gè)努力方向。
[Abstract]:With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, since the end of the last century, China's economy and urbanization has entered a stage of rapid development, the remarkable characteristics of which are: in addition to the rapid transfer and agglomeration of rural industries and population to cities and towns at all levels, Also accompanied by various types of agricultural land, unused land into construction land. In view of the fact that the population is small and the cultivated land is scarce in our country, we should not only pay attention to the transfer of population and industry in the process of urbanization, but also strengthen the transformation of urban and rural land and the rational and effective use of it. Therefore, this paper focuses on the scale growth of urban and rural construction land and the population and economic performance of land use in the period of 2000-2010, taking the north area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as the research scope and the district and county as the main statistical unit. On this basis, the whole regional urban and rural spatial development types are divided. Due to the special urban-rural dual land system, urban and rural construction land is two relatively independent subjects in the process of expansion. The result is that, on the one hand, the urban construction land is insufficient and can only set up a variety of names of independent industrial and mining land to alleviate the construction demand, on the other hand, a large number of rural construction land is vacant, the utilization efficiency is not high, and the phenomenon of waste is serious. To coordinate urban and rural development, it is necessary to consider both of them in order to find the crux of the problem of urban and rural construction land growth. Through the research and analysis, it is found that the following characteristics exist in the process of urban and rural construction land growth in the north of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei: (1) the increase of urban industrial and mining land is the main driving force of urban and rural construction land growth in recent years; (2) the present distribution and growth situation of urban and rural construction land in different regions are obviously different, and the spatial agglomeration characteristics of different types of urban and rural construction land are completely different; (3) the new sources of urban and rural construction land are still the agricultural land represented by cultivated land, and the proportion of internal structure transformation is too low; (4) the per capita construction land increased rapidly, especially in rural areas, the per capita land use reached 1.9 times of the national standard in 2010, and the problem of inefficient and disorderly utilization was serious; (5) the population density and economic density of urban and rural construction land have different multi-center structure in spatial distribution, and the radiation range and threshold of density center are also different. There are differences in the functions of urban and rural construction land gathering population and carrying economy within the region. Therefore, in the process of urban and rural spatial development in the future, we should fully tap the decline potential of per capita construction land, pay attention to increasing the conversion ratio between rural construction land and urban industrial and mining land. The development of differentiated regional spatial development policy is at least three directions for urban and rural construction land growth and management in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F299.23

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