本文關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行效益與管理體系研究　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái),以孟加拉鄉(xiāng)村銀行為代表的小額貸款項(xiàng)目引入我國(guó),作為農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)的重要補(bǔ)充力量,在全國(guó)范圍迅速推廣。由于區(qū)域之間文化差異和資源稟賦不同,經(jīng)過(guò)20多年的磨合發(fā)展,有的農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)形成了具有本土化特色又兼具鄉(xiāng)村銀行特征的公益性信貸扶貧模式,繼續(xù)發(fā)揮其扶貧功效；有的已逐漸萎縮,退出農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)；有的緊跟市場(chǎng)化趨勢(shì),轉(zhuǎn)型為商業(yè)化小額貸款模式。其中,以扶貧為目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的公益性小額貸款,通過(guò)讓貧困農(nóng)戶參與項(xiàng)目選擇、決策、經(jīng)營(yíng)、管理、獲益等全過(guò)程,在提高貧困農(nóng)戶收入水平和發(fā)展能力方面取得明顯成效。然而,隨著農(nóng)村各種新型合作組織的不斷涌現(xiàn)和市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程的加快,這種依托項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行的小額貸款模式也面臨著諸多問(wèn)題,如何改進(jìn)項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行管理體系,提高項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營(yíng)效益,促進(jìn)農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)運(yùn)行,已成為亟待解決的重要現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。正是在這一背景下,本文以農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目為研究對(duì)象,以成本收益理論、利益相關(guān)者等理論為基礎(chǔ),以案例分析和問(wèn)卷調(diào)查為手段,理論研究和實(shí)證研究相結(jié)合,對(duì)農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行效益與管理體系進(jìn)行了深入研究。論文分析了國(guó)外幾種典型的小額貸款運(yùn)行模式,闡述了農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)行效益以及評(píng)估方法,對(duì)本文研究的農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目及相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了界定,從農(nóng)村小額貸款管理機(jī)構(gòu)、貧困農(nóng)戶、政府扶貧部門等多重委托代理關(guān)系的角度,構(gòu)建了小額貸款項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行績(jī)效與管理體系研究的總體框架,提出了本文研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。為了保證農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)運(yùn)行,更好地發(fā)揮其扶貧作用,在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)兩種小額貸款模式案例分析比較的基礎(chǔ)上,本文梳理了非政府組織小額貸款項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)瞄準(zhǔn)機(jī)制、聯(lián)保信貸機(jī)制、分期還款機(jī)制、組織管理機(jī)制,從整體上明晰項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行與小額貸款償還機(jī)制相互作用的邏輯關(guān)系。在此基礎(chǔ)上,為了更加全面地分析農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)行效益,驗(yàn)證項(xiàng)目類別、小額貸款額度、項(xiàng)目管理、經(jīng)營(yíng)者人力資本等因素對(duì)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況變動(dòng)的影響,本文構(gòu)建了基于項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況變動(dòng)狀態(tài)的多分類離散變量回歸模型。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明：小額貸款額度與項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況并未表現(xiàn)出明顯的正向變動(dòng)關(guān)系,額度越高并不一定會(huì)提高項(xiàng)目的盈利概率,而項(xiàng)目類別對(duì)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營(yíng)狀態(tài)變化的影響很明顯,相比于養(yǎng)殖類項(xiàng)目,商貿(mào)類和種植類項(xiàng)目盈利的可能性更高。研究結(jié)果進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目類型的選擇對(duì)于貧困農(nóng)戶增收具有重要影響。鑒于項(xiàng)目類別的差異,本文利用柯布—道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)擴(kuò)展形式,構(gòu)建了種植類、養(yǎng)殖類、商貿(mào)類項(xiàng)目投入產(chǎn)出評(píng)估模型,從微觀角度分析了小額貸款、個(gè)人投資、經(jīng)營(yíng)者人力資本等投入要素對(duì)項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)出的影響,驗(yàn)證了小額貸款資金對(duì)項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)出的作用明顯高于個(gè)人投資的作用,表明通過(guò)農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施,能夠有效地促進(jìn)貧困農(nóng)戶增收。在理論研究和實(shí)證研究的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)當(dāng)前農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀,本文參照企業(yè)項(xiàng)目管理體系,以利益相關(guān)者理論為基礎(chǔ),構(gòu)建了國(guó)家、省、縣、村四級(jí)農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目管理體系,設(shè)計(jì)了“1+X+XX+XXX”金字塔式的組織結(jié)構(gòu),劃分了項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)、計(jì)劃與執(zhí)行、項(xiàng)目監(jiān)督、項(xiàng)目收尾四個(gè)運(yùn)行階段,并歸結(jié)出項(xiàng)目管理體系的功能集成：降低項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營(yíng)成本、約束經(jīng)營(yíng)者行為、控制經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。至此,農(nóng)村小額貸款項(xiàng)目將依托健全的管理體系得以更好地發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, small loans to the Grameen Bank as the representative into China, as an important force in rural poverty alleviation and development, rapid promotion in the country. Due to cultural differences between regions and different resource endowment, after 20 years of running development, some rural microfinance projects have been formed with the localization feature with the characteristics of public welfare of rural bank credit poverty alleviation mode, continue to play its poverty alleviation effect; some have been gradually shrinking, withdraw from the rural market; some follow the market trend of microfinance model transformation for business. Among them, the public welfare microfinance to poverty alleviation as goal oriented, by allowing the poor households to participate in project selection, decision-making, management. The whole process of management, benefit, and achieved remarkable results in increasing farmers' income poverty level and development capacity. However, with a variety of new rural areas Emerging market process and organization of speeding up, relying on this project running microfinance mode is also facing many problems, how to improve the project management system, improve project management benefit, promote the sustainable operation of rural microfinance project, has become an important practical problem to be solved. It is in this context. This paper takes the rural microfinance project as the research object, using cost-benefit theory, stakeholder theory, case analysis and questionnaire survey method, theoretical and empirical research on rural microfinance project, operation efficiency and management system are studied. The paper analyzes several small loans the operation mode, expounds the operating efficiency of rural microfinance projects and the evaluation method of rural microfinance project of this study and related concepts The definition, from the rural micro credit management mechanism, poor farmers, government departments such as poverty alleviation and multiple principal-agent relations perspective, build the overall framework of the performance management system and microfinance project, puts forward the theoretical basis of this study. In order to ensure the sustainable operation of rural microfinance projects, to better play its role in poverty alleviation in two, the domestic small loan model of case based on the analysis and comparison, this paper reviews the NGO microfinance project target mechanism, the mechanism of credit guarantee repayment mechanism, organization and management mechanism, to repay the logical relationship interaction mechanism from the whole project clear operation and small loans. On this basis, in order to run the benefits of a more comprehensive analysis of the rural microfinance project, verify the project categories, small loans, project management, human capital operators The influence of such factors on the project management status changes, this paper constructs the multi classification of discrete variable operating conditions of the project. Based on the regression model the empirical results show that: the operating status of small loan amount and the project did not show obvious positive change, the higher the amount does not necessarily increase the profit probability of the project, and the impact of the project categories changes to the project management status is very obvious, compared to the breeding project, possibility of business and planting project profit higher. The results further show that rural microfinance project type has important impact income for poor farmers. In view of the differences between the categories of projects, using Cobb Douglas production function extensions. The construction of planting, breeding, business project investment evaluation model, from the microscopic point of view of the small loans, personal investment, Effect of input factors such as human capital operators to project output, to verify the role of microfinance funds for project output was significantly higher than that of personal investment, that through the implementation of the rural microfinance project, can effectively promote the poor farmers. Based on theoretical research and empirical research, according to the current situation of rural microfinance project operation in this paper, according to the enterprise project management system, based on the stakeholder theory, constructs the state, province, county, village four rural microfinance project management system, design the structure of 1+X+XX+ XXX "pyramid, the start of the project division, planning and execution, project supervision, project completion four stage operation, and summed up the project management system function integration: reduce project operating costs, constraint operator behavior, control business risk. Thus, rural microfinance project Relying on a sound management system to better develop.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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本文編號(hào)：1376930