【摘要】：城市客運出租汽車是城市交通中最為活躍的客運方式,在方便群眾出行、擴大社會就業(yè)、樹立城市形象、促進城市經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等方面具有重要作用。出租車運價是反映服務(wù)水平,體現(xiàn)運營成本的重要指標(biāo),關(guān)乎到出租車企業(yè)(包括駕駛員)和乘客的切身利益。 基本費率(單位運價)作為出租車運價制定的基礎(chǔ)和依據(jù),其制定合理與否,不僅影響出租車企業(yè)的收入,也影響到乘客的利益,同時也起到調(diào)節(jié)市場需求的重要作用,影響著整個行業(yè)的和諧發(fā)展。基本費率受運營成本、供需關(guān)系、城市經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平及行業(yè)利益主體關(guān)系等較多因素影響,政府在制定基本費率時要權(quán)衡多方利益,易受主觀因素影響。如何從定量角度,綜合考慮供需關(guān)系、運營成本及外部成本等因素,兼顧企業(yè)和乘客利益,科學(xué)合理制定基本費率,作為運價制定的基礎(chǔ),是城市客運管理者需要迫切解決的問題。 本文在分析出租車基本費率與運價關(guān)系、定價理論與模型、基本費率制定影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合出租車行業(yè)定位及其服務(wù)的特殊性,根據(jù)次優(yōu)理論,借鑒拉姆齊定價原理,考慮供需關(guān)系、空駛率、外部成本,在保證企業(yè)獲得合理利潤空間的約束下,以消費者剩余與生產(chǎn)者剩余之和即社會福利最大化為目標(biāo)構(gòu)建出租車基本費率模型；并探討了出租車基本費率模型相關(guān)參數(shù)的計算方法和合理取值；最后,將基本費率應(yīng)用到成都市出租車運價制定的實踐中。
[Abstract]:Urban passenger taxi is the most active passenger transport mode in urban traffic, which plays an important role in facilitating the travel of the masses, expanding social employment, setting up the image of the city and promoting the development of urban economy. Taxi fare is an important index to reflect service level and operation cost, which is related to the vital interests of taxi enterprises (including drivers) and passengers. As the basis and basis for the establishment of taxi fares, the basic rate (unit tariff) not only affects the income of taxi enterprises, but also affects the interests of passengers, and also plays an important role in regulating market demand. Affect the harmonious development of the whole industry. The basic rate is affected by many factors, such as operating cost, supply and demand relationship, the level of urban economic development and the relationship of the main body of interests of the industry, etc. The government should weigh various interests when making the basic rate, which is easy to be influenced by subjective factors. How to consider the factors such as supply and demand, operation cost and external cost from a quantitative perspective, give consideration to the interests of enterprises and passengers, and set the basic rate scientifically and reasonably, as the basis for the formulation of freight rates. It is a problem that city passenger transport manager needs to solve urgently. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the basic rate of taxi and the freight rate, the pricing theory and model, the influence factors of the basic rate formulation, combined with the positioning of the taxi industry and the particularity of its service, according to the sub-optimal theory, the paper draws lessons from Ramsey's pricing principle. Considering the relationship between supply and demand, empty driving rate, external cost, and under the constraint of guaranteeing the enterprise to obtain reasonable profit space, the basic taxi rate model is constructed with the goal of maximizing the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus, that is, social welfare. The calculation method and reasonable value of the relevant parameters of taxi basic rate model are discussed. Finally, the basic rate is applied to the practice of making taxi fares in Chengdu.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U492.434;F572.7

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