發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-25 06:39

  本文選題：公共交通補(bǔ)貼 + 全要素生產(chǎn)率　； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：公共交通作為涉及民生的社會(huì)公益性事業(yè),其運(yùn)營(yíng)管理和服務(wù)水平是政府部門和社會(huì)公眾關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。為了彌補(bǔ)企業(yè)因提供公益服務(wù)而產(chǎn)生的虧損、維持可持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng),政府基于經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)保及社會(huì)公平性等考慮,從社會(huì)福利的角度給予公共交通企業(yè)財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼。隨著公共交通優(yōu)先發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼金額增長(zhǎng)迅速,給部分地方政府的財(cái)力帶來負(fù)擔(dān)和影響�，F(xiàn)狀的補(bǔ)貼方式產(chǎn)生什么效果和影響、采用何種方式進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼成為學(xué)者們研究的重點(diǎn)�，F(xiàn)有研究表明,公共交通補(bǔ)貼確實(shí)存在著“社會(huì)公平性”與企業(yè)“經(jīng)營(yíng)效率”的問題,不當(dāng)?shù)难a(bǔ)貼可能導(dǎo)致企業(yè)缺乏改善服務(wù)或激勵(lì)的動(dòng)機(jī),增加企業(yè)的營(yíng)運(yùn)成本、降低公共交通的生產(chǎn)率,并造成企業(yè)投入要素資源分配的扭曲,導(dǎo)致政府補(bǔ)貼越多、企業(yè)虧損越多的局面。因此,在我國(guó)公共交通的運(yùn)營(yíng)制度環(huán)境下,研究補(bǔ)貼對(duì)公共交通效率的影響,尋求合理的補(bǔ)貼方式顯得尤為重要。本文圍繞公交補(bǔ)貼的基本特性及補(bǔ)貼的目標(biāo)、方式和補(bǔ)貼效果,論述了補(bǔ)貼的理論依據(jù)和產(chǎn)生的影響。結(jié)合我國(guó)常規(guī)公交補(bǔ)貼政策,研究了公交補(bǔ)貼對(duì)行業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率和企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)效率產(chǎn)生的影響,揭示了補(bǔ)貼對(duì)公交效率的影響機(jī)理和作用路徑,豐富了公交補(bǔ)貼效率的理論體系,為提高我國(guó)公交補(bǔ)貼效率指引了方向�；谏鐣�(huì)效益的視角,構(gòu)建了公交補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制的最優(yōu)評(píng)價(jià)模型,從補(bǔ)貼資金來源和補(bǔ)貼方式多角度評(píng)價(jià)了補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制的效果,據(jù)此提出了績(jī)效補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制設(shè)計(jì)的新思路,驗(yàn)證了績(jī)效補(bǔ)貼設(shè)計(jì)方法的有效性和合理性,拓展了多方式和多資金來源下公交補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制的最優(yōu)化理論體系和績(jī)效補(bǔ)貼方法,為完善我國(guó)公交補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制提供重要政策參考。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:從全要素生產(chǎn)率的視角,研究了我國(guó)大中城市2008年至2013年間財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼對(duì)公共交通全要素生產(chǎn)率的變動(dòng)效果和影響程度。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),公共交通補(bǔ)貼促進(jìn)了全要素生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng),顯示了財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼的積極作用和意義,但公共交通補(bǔ)貼對(duì)全要素生產(chǎn)率的增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)較小,且占比逐年下降。補(bǔ)貼對(duì)公共交通行業(yè)發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用仍有待發(fā)揮,有必要完善公共交通財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制。從運(yùn)營(yíng)效率的視角,將公共交通運(yùn)營(yíng)效率分解為技術(shù)效率和服務(wù)效率,采用隨機(jī)前沿分析方法,研究了我國(guó)大中城市1990年至2013年間財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼對(duì)公共交通運(yùn)營(yíng)效率的影響情況,并進(jìn)行了外部影響因素分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),公共交通補(bǔ)貼對(duì)技術(shù)效率和服務(wù)效率提升均有正向作用,但補(bǔ)貼對(duì)提高公交企業(yè)的技術(shù)效率影響更加顯著。公交補(bǔ)貼雖然能夠提升技術(shù)效率和服務(wù)效率,但這種正向影響有臨界點(diǎn),當(dāng)補(bǔ)貼金額超過臨界值時(shí),會(huì)降低公交企業(yè)的運(yùn)營(yíng)效率。公共交通運(yùn)營(yíng)效率仍然受到外部環(huán)境因素的影響,居民收入水平、私家車擁有量和軌道交通均對(duì)運(yùn)營(yíng)效率有負(fù)面影響,公交管制政策對(duì)提高我國(guó)公共交通的運(yùn)營(yíng)效率有顯著的促進(jìn)作用。基于現(xiàn)狀補(bǔ)貼對(duì)效率的影響分析,為了提高公共交通補(bǔ)貼的效率和效果,基于政府、企業(yè)和乘客三種對(duì)象,從社會(huì)福利和邊際效益的視角,定量分析和評(píng)價(jià)了財(cái)政預(yù)算、小汽車征稅和公交企業(yè)內(nèi)部交叉補(bǔ)貼三種補(bǔ)貼資金來源和非現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼、成本補(bǔ)貼、績(jī)效補(bǔ)貼和票價(jià)補(bǔ)貼等四種補(bǔ)貼方式的效果。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),政府對(duì)公交企業(yè)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼資金來源的政策制定和明確是有必要的,在財(cái)力充足的情況下,應(yīng)優(yōu)先實(shí)施財(cái)政手段的補(bǔ)貼�？�(jī)效補(bǔ)貼的補(bǔ)貼金額較低、社會(huì)福利較好,其次為成本補(bǔ)貼。在追求社會(huì)福利最大化時(shí),票價(jià)補(bǔ)貼需要付出較高的補(bǔ)貼金額。在公交虧損情況下政府應(yīng)優(yōu)先實(shí)施公交發(fā)展和交通需求管理政策,通過非現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼改變公交外部的營(yíng)運(yùn)環(huán)境,提高社會(huì)福利水平。基于績(jī)效補(bǔ)貼的特點(diǎn),為發(fā)揮績(jī)效補(bǔ)貼的作用,對(duì)公共交通績(jī)效補(bǔ)貼進(jìn)行了案例應(yīng)用。通過引入最小公益服務(wù)理念,建立了基于路線補(bǔ)貼預(yù)算限制和基于區(qū)域補(bǔ)貼預(yù)算限制的雙層模型,通過案例分析驗(yàn)證了績(jī)效補(bǔ)貼設(shè)計(jì)的有效性和合理性。本文提出的公共交通績(jī)效補(bǔ)貼設(shè)計(jì)方法可為政府部門完善財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制、發(fā)揮財(cái)政資金的效益、提升公交的吸引力提供政策參考。
[Abstract]:As a social public welfare undertaking involving the people's livelihood, the operation management and service level of public transport are the focus of the government departments and the public. In order to make up for the losses caused by the provision of public service and maintain the sustainable management, the government is based on the economic, environmental and social fairness to give public welfare from the perspective of social welfare. With the implementation of the priority development strategy of public transportation, the amount of financial subsidies has increased rapidly, which brings the financial burden and influence to some local governments. What effect and effect is the effect and influence of the subsidy mode of the present situation and how to carry out subsidies by the scholars. The existing research shows that public transportation is the key point. Subsidies do exist in the problem of "social equity" and enterprise "operating efficiency". Improper subsidies may lead to the lack of motivation to improve services or incentives, increase the operating costs of enterprises, reduce the productivity of public transport, and cause the distortion of the allocation of investment elements of the enterprises, which leads to more government subsidies and more losses. Therefore, in the environment of public transportation in China, it is particularly important to study the effect of subsidies on the efficiency of public transport and to seek a reasonable way of subsidy. This paper discusses the basic characteristics of the subsidy and the objective, mode and effect of subsidies, and discusses the theoretical basis and the influence of the subsidy. The policy of public transport subsidy is to study the influence of the bus subsidy on the efficiency of the industry and the operation efficiency of the enterprise. It reveals the influence mechanism and the action path of the subsidy to the bus efficiency, enriches the theoretical system of the efficiency of the bus subsidy, and directs the direction of improving the efficiency of the bus subsidy in China. Based on the social benefit perspective, the public transit is constructed. The optimal evaluation model of the subsidy mechanism evaluates the effect of the subsidy mechanism from the multiple angles of the source of subsidy funds and the way of subsidy. According to this, a new idea of the design of the performance subsidy mechanism is put forward. The effectiveness and rationality of the design method of the performance subsidy are verified, and the optimal theoretical body of the bus subsidy mechanism is expanded under the multi-mode and multi capital sources. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: from the perspective of total factor productivity, the effect and influence degree of financial subsidies on total factor productivity of public transport in China's large and middle cities from 2008 to 2013 are studied. It has promoted the growth of total factor productivity, which shows the positive role and significance of financial subsidies, but the contribution of public transportation subsidies to the growth of total factor productivity is less, and the proportion is declining year by year. The promotion role of subsidies to the development of public transport industry still remains to be played. It is necessary to finish good public transport financial subsidy mechanism. From the perspective, the efficiency of public transport operation is decomposed into technical efficiency and service efficiency. The effect of financial subsidies on public transport operation efficiency from 1990 to 2013 in China is studied by random frontier analysis, and the analysis of external factors is carried out. It is found that the public transport subsidy has a good effect on technical efficiency and service efficiency. The rate promotion has a positive effect, but the subsidy has a more significant impact on improving the technical efficiency of public transport enterprises. Although the bus subsidy can improve the technical efficiency and service efficiency, the positive effect has a critical point. When the subsidy amount exceeds the critical value, it will reduce the transport efficiency of public transport enterprises. The efficiency of public transportation is still external to the outside. The impact of environmental factors, income level of residents, private car ownership and rail traffic have negative impact on the operation efficiency, and public transport policy has a significant role in promoting the efficiency of the operation of public transportation in China. Based on the analysis of the effect of current subsidy on efficiency, the efficiency and effect of raising public transport subsidies are based on the government, Three kinds of enterprises and passengers, from the perspective of social welfare and marginal benefit, quantitative analysis and evaluation of the fiscal budget, three kinds of subsidy funds and non cash subsidies, cost subsidies, performance subsidies and ticket subsidies. The study found that the government is to the public transport enterprises. It is necessary to make and clear the policy of the source of subsidized funds. In the case of sufficient financial resources, the subsidy of financial means should be given priority. The subsidy amount of the performance subsidy is low, the social welfare is better and the second is the cost subsidy. In the pursuit of the maximum social welfare, the ticket price subsidy needs to pay a higher subsidy amount. Under the circumstances, the government should give priority to the policy of public transport development and traffic demand management, change the operating environment of public transport through non cash subsidies and improve the social welfare level. Based on the characteristics of performance subsidies, a case application of public transport performance subsidies is carried out to play the role of performance subsidies. The concept of the minimum public service is introduced. A two-level model based on the limit of route subsidy budget and the limitation of regional subsidy budget is established. The effectiveness and rationality of the design of performance subsidy is verified by case analysis. The design method of public transport performance subsidy is proposed in this paper for the government departments to improve the financial subsidy mechanism, give full play to the benefit of financial funds, and improve the bus absorption. Gravity provides a policy reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F572;F812.45

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周華慶;楊家文;;巴士公交財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼及服務(wù)供給效率:深圳改革的啟示[J];中國(guó)軟科學(xué);2015年11期

2 陳林;湯秀梅;劉小玄;;全要素生產(chǎn)率會(huì)影響成本函數(shù)估計(jì)嗎[J];統(tǒng)計(jì)研究;2015年11期

3 朱偉權(quán);謝秉磊;楊曉光;葛宏偉;;公交補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制研究綜述與展望[J];交通信息與安全;2015年04期

4 張春勤;雋志才;景鵬;;公交企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)績(jī)效的信息熵與SE-DEA組合評(píng)價(jià)方法[J];工業(yè)工程與管理;2015年01期

5 黃徐;;關(guān)于公交企業(yè)人公里補(bǔ)貼方法的探討[J];交通財(cái)會(huì);2014年11期

6 張春勤;雋志才;劉志凱;;公共交通服務(wù)績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)研究綜述[J];計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用研究;2015年01期

7 陳林;劉小玄;;自然壟斷的測(cè)度模型及其應(yīng)用——以中國(guó)重化工業(yè)為例[J];中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì);2014年08期

8 李學(xué)文;徐麗群;;中國(guó)城市公共交通行業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)效率評(píng)價(jià)——基于改進(jìn)的SE-DEA-Gini方法的研究[J];管理現(xiàn)代化;2014年02期

9 王海燕;于榮;王國(guó)祥;鄭繼媛;;城市公共交通財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼測(cè)算方法研究[J];交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)工程與信息;2013年06期

10 Sami Jarboui;Pascal Forget;Younes Boujelbene;;道路公共交通效率的隨機(jī)前沿分析方法[J];交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)工程與信息;2013年05期

，

本文編號(hào)：2065012