【摘要】：黑龍江省是中國(guó)與俄羅斯接壤的主要區(qū)域,是中俄雙邊貿(mào)易的樞紐,是中國(guó)與俄羅斯之間以及延伸至其他貿(mào)易伙伴各種資源或生產(chǎn)要素流動(dòng)和增值重組的重要渠道,是連接國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的重要通道。隨著東北亞經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的加快,東北亞國(guó)家間將增大各種資源和生產(chǎn)要素的重新配置,使黑龍江省邊境口岸的物流發(fā)展進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的階段。所以準(zhǔn)確定位新時(shí)期海關(guān)在國(guó)際物流中的作用,開(kāi)創(chuàng)便捷通關(guān)新局面,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際物流高效率通關(guān),為企業(yè)打造國(guó)際影響力保駕護(hù)航,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展,已經(jīng)成為海關(guān)當(dāng)前亟待解決的問(wèn)題。提高海關(guān)物流監(jiān)管及通關(guān)效率有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際物流體系的“服務(wù)”、“快速”、“及時(shí)”、“節(jié)約”“規(guī)模優(yōu)化”的目標(biāo),實(shí)現(xiàn)海關(guān)與企業(yè)“共贏”。本文通過(guò)分析研究目前黑龍江省進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀以及海關(guān)物流監(jiān)管現(xiàn)狀,概括總結(jié)了影響通關(guān)效能的主要因素。通過(guò)走訪調(diào)研,實(shí)地考察,座談研討,調(diào)查問(wèn)卷等方式,對(duì)影響口岸物流效率的主要原因進(jìn)行透徹的分析,主要包括關(guān)區(qū)口岸物流發(fā)展不平衡、物流監(jiān)管整體效能發(fā)揮不到位、多項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)還未達(dá)標(biāo),現(xiàn)有通關(guān)模式與國(guó)際物流發(fā)展不匹配等。在剖析成因的過(guò)程中,借鑒美國(guó)、荷蘭、日本等先進(jìn)海關(guān)在通關(guān)環(huán)節(jié)中的優(yōu)秀做法和國(guó)內(nèi)大型海關(guān)在通關(guān)改革中的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),重點(diǎn)從構(gòu)建新型物流監(jiān)管機(jī)制、加快海關(guān)通關(guān)效率及改進(jìn)物流監(jiān)管保障措施等幾方面提出了可行的解決方法。構(gòu)建新型物流監(jiān)管機(jī)制主要包括創(chuàng)新物流監(jiān)管理念、優(yōu)化物流監(jiān)管體制和整合物流監(jiān)管流程。針對(duì)打造哈爾濱海關(guān)的物流監(jiān)管機(jī)制,制定了切合實(shí)際工作的保障措施,主要包括改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有物流監(jiān)管體系、加快口岸物流發(fā)展,完善加工貿(mào)易保稅物流體系等,從而有效地解決了海關(guān)嚴(yán)密有效監(jiān)管與高效通關(guān)之間的矛盾。
[Abstract]:Heilongjiang Province is the main region bordering on China and Russia, the hub of bilateral trade between China and Russia, and an important channel for the flow of resources or factors of production and the reorganization of value added between China and Russia and extending to other trading partners. It is an important channel to connect international economy and trade. With the acceleration of the process of economic integration in Northeast Asia, the reallocation of various resources and factors of production will be increased among the countries of Northeast Asia, and the logistics development at the border ports of Heilongjiang Province has entered a new stage. Therefore, accurately positioning the role of customs in international logistics in the new period, creating a new situation of convenient customs clearance, realizing efficient customs clearance in international logistics, creating international influence escort for enterprises, and promoting economic and trade development, Customs has become the current problem to be solved. Improving customs logistics supervision and customs clearance efficiency is conducive to the realization of international logistics system "service", "fast", "timely", "save" and "scale optimization" goal, and achieve "win-win" between customs and enterprises. Based on the analysis and study of the current situation of import and export trade in Heilongjiang Province and the current situation of customs logistics supervision, this paper summarizes the main factors that affect the efficiency of customs clearance. Through visiting investigation, field investigation, discussion and discussion, questionnaire and so on, the main reasons that affect the efficiency of port logistics are thoroughly analyzed, mainly including the unbalanced development of port logistics in the customs area, and the imperfection of the overall efficiency of logistics supervision. A number of business infrastructure construction has not reached the standard, the existing customs mode and international logistics development is not matched. In the course of analyzing the cause of formation, we draw lessons from the excellent practices of the advanced customs of the United States, the Netherlands and Japan in the customs clearance link and the successful experience of the domestic large-scale customs in the customs clearance reform, and focus on the construction of a new type of logistics supervision mechanism. Some feasible solutions are put forward, such as speeding up the efficiency of customs clearance and improving the logistics supervision and security measures. The construction of new logistics supervision mechanism includes innovation of logistics supervision idea, optimization of logistics supervision system and integration of logistics supervision process. In order to build the logistics supervision mechanism of Harbin Customs, it has formulated the safeguard measures which are in line with the actual work, mainly including improving the existing logistics supervision system, speeding up the development of port logistics, perfecting the bonded logistics system of processing trade, and so on. Thus effectively solve the contradiction between strict and effective customs supervision and efficient customs clearance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F752.5;F259.22

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