本文選題：可再生能源 + 反補(bǔ)貼��； 參考：《上海大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：能源是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),也是世界各國(guó)一直關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。出于緩解能源的供需矛盾和減少溫室氣體排放的目的,各國(guó)紛紛發(fā)展可再生能源產(chǎn)業(yè)來(lái)替代傳統(tǒng)能源�？稍偕茉串a(chǎn)業(yè)前期投資成本大,需要高科技支持,離不開國(guó)家對(duì)可再生能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的扶持和財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼。但在可再生能源產(chǎn)品設(shè)備的國(guó)際貿(mào)易過程中,由我國(guó)可再生能源補(bǔ)貼而引發(fā)的反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查越來(lái)越常見,給相關(guān)企業(yè)帶了巨大沖擊。對(duì)此,本文將對(duì)我國(guó)可再生能源補(bǔ)貼措施在WTO框架下SCM協(xié)定的合規(guī)性進(jìn)行分析,找出違反SCM協(xié)定的補(bǔ)貼措施,避免我國(guó)可再生能源產(chǎn)業(yè)遭受進(jìn)一步的反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查,也給企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查提供一定的借鑒。從WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)我國(guó)可再生能源貿(mào)易糾紛的裁決來(lái)看,國(guó)有企業(yè)的認(rèn)定問題和外部基準(zhǔn)的選擇問題一直是界定補(bǔ)貼措施時(shí)爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)。本文結(jié)合SCM協(xié)定對(duì)補(bǔ)貼的認(rèn)定規(guī)則,對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)有上網(wǎng)電價(jià)制度、可再生能源配額制、稅收優(yōu)惠政策、優(yōu)惠貸款政策等進(jìn)行合規(guī)性分析,找出其中直接或可能違反SCM協(xié)定的地方。同時(shí)歐美國(guó)家的可再生能源補(bǔ)貼制度發(fā)展較為完備,在立法中直接規(guī)定了具有約束性的可再生能源發(fā)展目標(biāo)和科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)难a(bǔ)貼制度值得我國(guó)學(xué)習(xí),從而為我國(guó)提高可再生能源補(bǔ)貼立法水平提供借鑒,減少反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。針對(duì)我國(guó)可再生能源補(bǔ)貼中存在的問題,本文提出三個(gè)解決途徑。首先,更改直接與SCM協(xié)定相沖突的補(bǔ)貼措施,避免制定法律或事實(shí)上具有專向性的補(bǔ)貼,更要防止補(bǔ)貼措施以本地成分或出口實(shí)績(jī)作為授予補(bǔ)貼的條件。另外還要加快完善我國(guó)可再生能源上網(wǎng)電價(jià)制度和配額制度,從我國(guó)可再生能源產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),借鑒歐美國(guó)家可再生能源補(bǔ)貼制度,制定出操作性強(qiáng)、完備的配套制度。其次,擴(kuò)大SCM協(xié)定下可再生能源補(bǔ)貼的合規(guī)空間,使其在一定條件下符合SCM協(xié)定規(guī)定。最后,在我國(guó)“一帶一路”新戰(zhàn)略的引導(dǎo)下,發(fā)展國(guó)際間的能源合作機(jī)制,建設(shè)可再生能源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,擴(kuò)展我國(guó)可再生能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易。在此發(fā)展過程中可以逐步減少我國(guó)可再生能源補(bǔ)貼數(shù)量,或設(shè)立不違背SCM協(xié)定的可再生能源補(bǔ)貼,或通過可再生能源雙邊或多邊合作協(xié)議,以期補(bǔ)貼能在一定區(qū)域內(nèi)合法化,并盡早實(shí)現(xiàn)可再生能源補(bǔ)貼的全部退出。
[Abstract]:Energy is the foundation of social and economic development and the focus of attention all over the world. In order to alleviate the contradiction of energy supply and demand and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, countries have developed renewable energy industry to replace traditional energy. The investment cost of renewable energy industry is large, and it needs high-tech support, which can not be separated from the support and financial subsidy of the state to the renewable energy industry. However, in the process of international trade in renewable energy products and equipment, countervailing investigations caused by renewable energy subsidies in China are becoming more and more common, which brings a great impact to related enterprises. In this paper, we will analyze the compliance of China's renewable energy subsidy measures under the WTO framework, find out the subsidy measures that violate the SCM agreement, and avoid further countervailing investigations into the renewable energy industry in China. Also provide certain reference for enterprises to countervailing investigation. Judging from the WTO dispute settlement body's decision on the renewable energy trade dispute in China, the issue of the determination of state-owned enterprises and the choice of external benchmarks has always been the focus of controversy in the definition of subsidy measures. Based on the rules of SCM agreement on subsidy, this paper analyzes the regulations of China's current electricity price system, renewable energy quota system, preferential tax policy and preferential loan policy, and finds out the places where the SCM agreement may be violated directly or possibly. At the same time, the renewable energy subsidy system in Europe and the United States is relatively complete. In the legislation, it has directly stipulated the binding renewable energy development goal and the scientific and rigorous subsidy system, which is worthy of our country to learn. So it can provide reference for our country to improve the legislation level of renewable energy subsidies and reduce the risk of countervailing investigation. In view of the problems existing in renewable energy subsidies in China, this paper puts forward three solutions. First, we should change the subsidy measures that conflict directly with the SCM agreement, avoid enacting laws or subsidies that are specific in fact, and prevent subsidies from being granted on the condition of local content or export performance. In addition, it is necessary to speed up the improvement of the electricity price system and quota system of renewable energy in our country. Based on the present situation of renewable energy industry in China, we should draw lessons from the renewable energy subsidy system in Europe and the United States, and formulate a strong operational and complete supporting system. Secondly, the compliance space of renewable energy subsidies under SCM agreement should be expanded to comply with SCM agreement under certain conditions. Finally, under the guidance of the new strategy of "Belt and Road", we should develop the international energy cooperation mechanism, build the renewable energy infrastructure, and expand the international trade of our renewable energy industry. In the course of this development, we can gradually reduce the number of renewable energy subsidies in our country, or establish renewable energy subsidies that do not contravene the SCM agreement, or through bilateral or multilateral cooperation agreements on renewable energy, with a view to legalizing the subsidies in a given region. And as soon as possible to achieve the full withdrawal of renewable energy subsidies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F206

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本文編號(hào)：2051104