本文選題：城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程　切入點(diǎn)：鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)　出處：《蘇州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加快,國(guó)土資源管理特別是土地資源的管理越來(lái)越成為焦點(diǎn),而管理的重點(diǎn)也從劃地、批地等土地資產(chǎn)的管理逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移為保護(hù)耕地資源、合理利用土地、保障經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等土地資源的管理。隨著蘇州市經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)步伐加快,城鄉(xiāng)一體化快速推進(jìn),蘇州面臨著建設(shè)用地需求持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),耕地總量和人均占有量不斷減少的局面。如何破解保障發(fā)展與保護(hù)資源的瓶頸,是擺在我們面前急需解決的一大難題。鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)是中國(guó)最基層的行政機(jī)構(gòu),是聯(lián)系城市與農(nóng)村的紐帶,在整個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著基礎(chǔ)性作用。同樣,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)土地管理在城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮著不可忽視的作用。為適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展,特別是城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)的需要,蘇州市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)土地管理從塊狀管理發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的條線管理,并適應(yīng)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)合并建立了國(guó)土“分局”;管理范圍和目標(biāo)繼續(xù)延伸擴(kuò)展,突破了“資產(chǎn)”的概念,從粗放管理到集約管理并且更注重于服務(wù);蘇州市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)土地管理的各項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新也走在全國(guó)的前列,涵蓋了農(nóng)村土地使用制度、農(nóng)村集體建設(shè)用地流轉(zhuǎn)、拆舊復(fù)墾、多元化征地補(bǔ)償機(jī)制、“一村二樓宇”的探索、生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制、土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)管共同責(zé)任制以及先進(jìn)的業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的國(guó)土所建設(shè)等諸多方面。但是,蘇州市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)土地管理也存在著不可忽視的問(wèn)題:土地資源可持續(xù)利用管理難度大、資源環(huán)境承載負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重、建設(shè)用地規(guī)模繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大且結(jié)構(gòu)不盡合理、節(jié)約集約利用水平仍不夠高、在土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)管過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了諸多難題。究其原因主要還是受土地財(cái)政和土地管理體制影響,同時(shí)土地管理法制建設(shè)也存在漏洞,而基層部門(mén)資源投入又有所不足。結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外土地管理研究成果,蘇州市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)土地管理問(wèn)題還需從完善土地稅制、繼續(xù)深化土地有償使用制度改革、建立規(guī)范的地方債融資機(jī)制、積極鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)等方面入手改變政府對(duì)土地財(cái)政的依賴(lài),并且完善土地部門(mén)管理體制,同時(shí)加快完善農(nóng)用地保護(hù)制度,推進(jìn)股權(quán)固化、產(chǎn)權(quán)交易、經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的改革,嚴(yán)格土地用途管制,增加基層部門(mén)資金、軟件和硬件綜合投入,進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)蘇州市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)土地管理。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the management of land and resources, especially the management of land resources, has become the focus, and the emphasis of management has gradually shifted from the management of land assets, such as land allocation, to the protection of cultivated land resources and the rational use of land.To ensure the management of land resources such as economic development.With the acceleration of economic transformation and upgrading of Suzhou and the rapid development of urban-rural integration, Suzhou is faced with the situation that the demand for construction land continues to grow, and the total amount of cultivated land and the per capita share of cultivated land continue to decrease.How to solve the bottleneck of ensuring development and protecting resources is a big problem that we urgently need to solve.Township is the most basic administrative organization in China, it is the link between city and countryside, and plays a basic role in the whole country's economic and social development.Similarly, township land management plays an important role in the process of urbanization.In order to meet the needs of economic and social development, especially the construction of urbanization, the land management of towns in Suzhou has developed from block management to current line management, and has been adapted to the combination of towns and townships to establish the "sub-bureau" of the land.It covers the system of rural land use, the circulation of rural collective construction land, the demolition of old reclamation, the diversified compensation mechanism for land requisition, the exploration of "one village and two buildings", and the ecological compensation mechanism.The common responsibility system of land law enforcement and supervision, advanced business platform and standardized land construction and so on.However, there are still some problems in the land management of towns in Suzhou: the sustainable use of land resources is difficult to manage, the burden of resources and environment is too heavy, the scale of construction land continues to expand and the structure is not reasonable.The level of saving and intensive utilization is not high enough, and there are many problems in the process of land law enforcement and supervision.The reason is mainly influenced by land finance and land management system. Meanwhile, there are some loopholes in the legal construction of land management, and the resources input of grass-roots departments is insufficient.Based on the research results of land management at home and abroad, it is necessary to improve the land tax system, deepen the reform of the system of paid land use, and establish a standardized financing mechanism of local debt.We should actively encourage and guide the government to change its dependence on land finance, and improve the management system of the land sector. At the same time, it will speed up the improvement of the agricultural land protection system, and promote the reform of equity rights consolidation, property rights transactions, and management methods.We will tighten land use control, increase funds, software and hardware input from grass-roots departments and further strengthen rural land management in Suzhou.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F299.21

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