本文選題：農民工　切入點：就業(yè)歧視　出處：《陜西師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：勞動歧視無論是在發(fā)展中國家還是在發(fā)達國家都不同程度的存在,而且這種現(xiàn)象在未來相當長的時間里都會在全球范圍里存在。改革開放以來,隨著農牧業(yè)科學技術的飛躍發(fā)展和勞動生產率的提高,多數(shù)農村勞動力從土地上解放出來,農村因此出現(xiàn)了剩余勞動力。許多農村剩余勞動力為了提高生活水平,增加家庭收入,紛紛離開以農為生的家鄉(xiāng),進入城市務工,他們?yōu)槌鞘械陌l(fā)展扮演著必不可少的角色。然而,與之相對應卻是他們依然受到不公平的待遇,在城市中也屢遭就業(yè)歧視。從經(jīng)濟學理論來看,勞動歧視顯然會構成不公平的事實,進而造成社會總產出以及工作效率的下降,社會發(fā)展的帕累托最優(yōu)狀態(tài)難以達成。我國目前正處于經(jīng)濟轉型的關鍵時期,農民工就業(yè)歧視必然會構成巨大的阻礙瓶頸,所以研究農民工歧視問題就顯得極為重要。在我國的特殊國情下農民工歧視已經(jīng)成為普遍現(xiàn)象,作為勞動市場歧視的一種,在我國受到了學術領域的普遍重視,并對此進行了深入探究。但是這些探究更多注重有關現(xiàn)象描述和原因對策探析,運用經(jīng)濟學理論進行分析其可能構成的社會經(jīng)濟效應研究以及實證分析還相對較少。所以本文在前人研究的基礎上結合經(jīng)濟學原理運用了文獻法、計量分析法、實證分析與規(guī)范分析相結合等方法,從宏觀以及微觀的角度來探究農民工就業(yè)歧視問題。主要分析了農民工就業(yè)歧視的表現(xiàn)以及工資歧視的實證測度,農民工就業(yè)歧視的原因,微觀層面和宏觀層面農民工就業(yè)歧視所產生的社會經(jīng)濟效應,以及改善農民工就業(yè)歧視的政策建議這些問題。對以上問題的研究結果分析可以獲得以下結論：第一,農民工所遭受的歧視主要表現(xiàn)在就業(yè)機會歧視、就業(yè)待遇歧視、社會保障歧視等。其中以工資歧視最具有直接代表性。第二,通過對農民工工資影響因素的實證模型分析可以得出農民工工資收入并不是只受人力資本原因的影響,性別、戶籍、培訓、勞動合同簽約率等這些非人力資本因素也很大程度上影響了農民工與城市工人的工資差距,即工資歧視是存在的。第三,造成農民工就業(yè)歧視的原因主要是戶籍原因以及勞動力市場分割,同時也存在統(tǒng)計性歧視原因。第四,農民工就業(yè)歧視會對歧視雙方產生不良影響,該問題不僅造成社會總產出下降,也會導致社會發(fā)展脫離帕累托最優(yōu)狀態(tài)。第五,農民工和城市工人的就業(yè)率從經(jīng)濟學角度來看并不構成相關性,農民工進城就業(yè)不會影響城市人口就業(yè),農民工就業(yè)歧視反而會進一步降低社會的整體就業(yè)量。這也說明對農民工的就業(yè)限制制度存在著不合理性。第六,農民工就業(yè)歧視會阻礙城市化發(fā)展進程,影響社會穩(wěn)定,造成我國特殊的半城市化以及城市貧困問題,社會沖突問題,“民工荒”問題等。這些問題不僅影響了我國工業(yè)化社會的發(fā)展進步,不利于構建和諧社會,同時也會對農民工的生活和工作構成巨大的負面影響,造成農民工難以融入城市社會。綜上所述,本文研究農民工就業(yè)歧視是有一定的社會現(xiàn)實意義的。
[Abstract]:Labor discrimination both in different developing countries or in developed countries exist, but this phenomenon in the future for a long time will exist in the world. Since the reform and opening up, with the development of science and technology of agriculture and animal husbandry development and improvement of the labor productivity, the majority of Rural Labor liberated from the land, rural so there was a surplus labor. Many rural surplus labor force in order to improve the standard of living, increase the family income, have left the farming hometown, they go to work in the city, for the city's development plays an essential role. However, the corresponding but they still suffer from unfair treatment in the city, but also repeated employment discrimination. From the perspective of economics, labor discrimination would clearly constitute unfair fact, causing the social total output and work efficiency drop, social development It is difficult to reach the Pareto optimal state of development. China is now in a critical period of economic transformation, employment discrimination of migrant workers will constitute a huge bottleneck, so the discrimination against migrant workers becomes extremely important. Migrant workers has become a common phenomenon in China's special conditions of discrimination, as a kind of discrimination in the labor market. Our country has attracted much attention from the academic field, and conducted in-depth research. But these research pays more attention to the research on Countermeasures to describe and reason about the phenomenon, using the theory of economic analysis of the likely to constitute the social effects of studies and empirical analysis is relatively small. So this paper on the basis of previous studies combined with the use of the principle of economics the literature method, quantitative analysis method, empirical analysis and normative analysis and other methods, to explore the migrant workers from the macro and micro perspective The problem of employment discrimination. The main analysis of the employment discrimination of migrant workers and the performance of the empirical measure of wage discrimination, the reason of employment discrimination of migrant workers, social and economic effect of the micro level and macro level employment discrimination of migrant workers from the migrant workers employment discrimination and the improvement suggestions to these problems. The investigation of the above results we can obtain the following conclusion: first, migrant workers suffered discrimination mainly discrimination in employment, employment discrimination, social security discrimination. The wage discrimination has the most direct representative. By second, the wages of migrant workers influence empirical model analysis of the factors influencing the income and wages of migrant workers, can be obtained not only by human capital because of gender, household registration. The training of non human capital factors, labor contract signing rate of the impact of migrant workers and urban workers but also to a large extent The wage gap, namely wage discrimination exists. Third, the cause of migrant workers employment discrimination is the main reason of the household registration and segmentation of the labor market, there are also statistical discrimination. Fourth, employment discrimination of migrant workers will have an adverse impact on the discrimination both sides, the problem is not caused by a decline in the total social output, also lead to social development from the Pareto optimal state. Fifth, migrant workers and city workers' employment from the perspective of economics, does not constitute the correlation of migrant workers employment will not affect the city population employment, migrant workers employment discrimination but will further reduce the overall amount of employment of the society. It also shows that the employment restriction on migrant workers are not reasonable. Sixth, employment discrimination migrant workers will hinder the process of city development, affect social stability, resulting in China's special semi city and city poverty problem And social conflict, "shortage of migrant workers" and so on. These problems not only affect the progress of our industrialized society, is not conducive to building a harmonious society, but also to the life and work of migrant workers constitute a huge negative impact caused by migrant workers, it is difficult to integrate into the city society. To sum up, this paper studies the employment discrimination of migrant workers is a society a certain practical significance.

【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.6;F249.2

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1625062