本文選題：服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)　切入點：資源型城市　出處：《哈爾濱商業(yè)大學》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目前全國有118座資源型城市,其中69個城市被國務院認定為資源枯竭城市。黨中央和國務院高度重視資源枯竭城市的轉(zhuǎn)型問題,在“十七大”就明確提出加快資源型城市轉(zhuǎn)型。利用服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè),建設現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,從而推動產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和城市轉(zhuǎn)型。這一思路的提出對于資源型城市制定區(qū)域中長期發(fā)展規(guī)劃、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式、建立環(huán)境友好型和資源節(jié)約型社會、制定全國服務外包發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與政策都有重要的理論價值和現(xiàn)實意義。 服務外包就是指企業(yè)從全球價值鏈治理角度,結合信息、通訊和高技術應用,將原來由內(nèi)部完成的服務活動交予外部企業(yè)執(zhí)行的過程。從服務外包的實現(xiàn)形式上,既可以通過服務產(chǎn)品的跨境交易,也可以通過自然人流動實現(xiàn)服務交易。資源產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的服務外包業(yè)務屬于垂直行業(yè)領域的知識流程外包業(yè),其具有技術密集、知識產(chǎn)權承載、國際化運營的特點,處于價值鏈的高端。 資源城市發(fā)展工程技術服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè),把自然資源輸出為主的發(fā)展模式,轉(zhuǎn)化為社會資源如知識、技術、信息、管理、文化為主的輸出模式。這種路徑選擇,既符合區(qū)域主導產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展方向,有助于提高優(yōu)勢支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)的核心競爭力,又能夠推動區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)結構升級,形成新的經(jīng)濟增長點。從要素投入結構上,實現(xiàn)了人力資本積累的內(nèi)生型增長；從產(chǎn)業(yè)組織方式上,加深了專業(yè)化分工程度,形成產(chǎn)業(yè)集群；從區(qū)域空間結構上完善了城市功能,增強了集聚和輻射能力。論文選取了全球18個主要服務外包承接地國家,利用1998至2008年間的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),采用面板數(shù)據(jù)模型對服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)影響因素進行實證分析。實證分析的結果顯示國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值、國內(nèi)資本形成總額、高技術產(chǎn)品出口額、服務貿(mào)易占GDP比例和私營部門國內(nèi)貸款額占GDP比例等因素對服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)影響較顯著。 從典型國家的發(fā)展實踐看,服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)成為了推動經(jīng)濟結構調(diào)整和新一輪產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的動力。政府在產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展初期采取了大量的扶持政策,在物理空間上設立服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū),在政策體系上配套各種優(yōu)惠措施,在制度環(huán)境上加強知識產(chǎn)權保護、完善相關法律規(guī)范。從微觀層面看,企業(yè)依托外包經(jīng)驗和品牌效應,業(yè)務領域越來越多樣化,嵌入垂直行業(yè)的知識流程外包業(yè)呈現(xiàn)強勁的增長趨勢。從中觀層面看,服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)在空間上表現(xiàn)出極強的集聚性,企業(yè)間的委托代理鏈條不斷延長,生產(chǎn)的迂回程度逐漸加深,出現(xiàn)了行業(yè)協(xié)會等中介組織。城市也因服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)的聚集發(fā)展,塑造了新的城市品牌形象,轉(zhuǎn)變了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式。 資源城市普遍存在產(chǎn)業(yè)結構單一、發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào)；吸引資金能力差、自我積累不足；人力資本結構不合理、人才流失嚴重；機制體制僵化、創(chuàng)新能力弱：城市環(huán)境差、社會問題較多等共性問題。同時,各個資源城市的區(qū)位條件和綜合發(fā)展水平差異性較大。地區(qū)中要素的流動性不同、技術體系的復雜程度不同、信息化水平不同、企業(yè)高技術應用和創(chuàng)新能力不同、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展水平和所處階段不同,這些都決定了資源城市發(fā)展服務外包業(yè),特別是工程技術服務外包業(yè),必須根據(jù)城市的比較優(yōu)勢和產(chǎn)業(yè)的技術特征來差異化地選擇發(fā)展道路。論文選取了47個資源型地級市的13個指標,對城市2005年至2009年的發(fā)展水平進行綜合評估。采用變異系數(shù)法來確定各個指標權重,然后通過各城市得分進行排序,判斷各城市發(fā)展的相對水平。在此結果上,提出綜合實力較強的資源型城市應不斷推進以服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)為主導的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系的建設,優(yōu)化地區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結構和勞動力就業(yè)結構。在技術體系復雜的石油產(chǎn)業(yè)和冶金產(chǎn)業(yè)所在城市,以現(xiàn)代化方式改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè),大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)性服務外包業(yè),形成某一領域的現(xiàn)代服務業(yè)高地。在地處偏遠、產(chǎn)業(yè)技術層次低下、勞動力剩余嚴重的資源城市中,應以增強企業(yè)的活力為轉(zhuǎn)型的重點,鼓勵企業(yè)在區(qū)外開采資源,異地搬遷資源企業(yè)。 通過資源產(chǎn)業(yè)的價值鏈分解,本文提出資源企業(yè)培育服務外包項目的三種類型：一是基于專業(yè)工程技術的服務外包業(yè)務；二是基于高新技術應用的服務外包業(yè)務；三是基于共性業(yè)務流程的服務外包業(yè)務。服務外包的開發(fā)與運營是一個系統(tǒng)的工程,必須對企業(yè)發(fā)展外包項目的內(nèi)外部因素進行綜合評價。本文設計了服務流程成熟度評價指標體系,采用層次分析法通過調(diào)查問卷的形式確定了各評價指標的權重。采用模糊綜合評價法通過專家咨詢的方式,對資源企業(yè)發(fā)展服務外包項目的能力進行評價。論文在此基礎上進一步闡述了企業(yè)運作服務外包項目和管理服務外包風險的具體策略。 由于服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)是新興產(chǎn)業(yè),尤其在資源型城市中剛剛起步,亟需政府采取相應的政策措施進行扶持。不斷加強城市管理,改善生態(tài)環(huán)境,配套優(yōu)惠政策,制定招商引資策略,建設公共信息平臺,全面推進服務外包產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃的實施。大慶市被國務院批準為中國服務外包示范城市,已經(jīng)初步形成了以石油工程技術服務為主導、信息技術服務和專業(yè)服務為兩翼的服務外包發(fā)展格局。大慶油田企業(yè)堅定不移的實施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略,在外向型發(fā)展過程中,用科技創(chuàng)新提升競爭力,用產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈集成優(yōu)勢擴大市場空間,為資源企業(yè)開發(fā)外部市場樹立了樣板。
[Abstract]:At present there are 118 resource-based city, the 69 city by the State Council as resource exhausted city. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the transformation of resources exhausted city, in the "17" clearly put forward to accelerate the transformation of resource-based city. The use of the service outsourcing industry, the construction of a modern industrial system, to promote industrial upgrading and transformation of the city this idea for the resource-based city to develop regional long-term development plan, change the mode of economic development, the establishment of environment-friendly and resource-saving society, the formulation of national service outsourcing development strategy and policy has important theoretical value and practical significance.
Service outsourcing is refers to the enterprise with information from the perspective of global value chain governance, communications and high technology applications, will be completed by the original internal service activities to external enterprise implementation process. From the form of service outsourcing, either through cross-border transaction services products, can also be through the movement of natural persons to realize service transactions. The development of resource industry service outsourcing belongs to the field of vertical industry knowledge process outsourcing industry, which is technology intensive, intellectual property bearing, characteristics of international operations, in the value chain.
The development of engineering technology service outsourcing industry resources in the city, the development mode of natural resources export, into social resources such as knowledge, technology, information, management, output mode culture. This is consistent with the path choice of regional leading industry development, help to improve the core competitiveness of the pillar industries, and to promote the regional industrial structure upgrading, the formation of a new economic growth point. From the input structure, the realization of human capital accumulation endogenous growth; from the industrial organization, enhance the degree of specialization, the formation of industrial clusters; regional spatial structure from the perfect city function, enhance the ability of the agglomeration and radiation. Selected countries to undertake 18 major global service outsourcing, according to the statistical data of 1998 to 2008 years, the panel data model to do empirical research on Influencing Factors of service outsourcing industry The results of empirical analysis show that factors such as gross domestic product, gross domestic capital formation, exports of high-tech products, GDP ratio of service trade and GDP ratio of private sector account for a significant impact on service outsourcing industry.
From the development practice of typical countries, service outsourcing industry has become to promote economic restructuring and a new round of industrial transfer of power. The government has taken a lot of policy support in the early development of the industry, the establishment of the service outsourcing industry park in the physical space, the policy system with various preferential measures to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights in the system the environment, improve the relevant laws and regulations. From the microcosmic perspective, enterprises rely on outsourcing experience and brand business more and more diversified, showed strong growth trend of the embedded vertical industry knowledge process outsourcing industry. From the middle level, the service outsourcing industry in space showed strong agglomeration, principal agent chain enterprises the increasing circuitous degree of the production gradually deepened, the industry associations and other intermediary organizations. The city is also gathered in the development of service outsourcing industry, and create a new The city brand image has changed the way of economic development.
Resource city common single industrial structure, coordinated development; attract capital ability is poor, lack of self accumulation; human capital structure is not reasonable, the brain drain is serious; the mechanism of rigid system, weak innovation ability: city environment, social problems and other common problems. At the same time, the differences between the various resources city location and comprehensive development level great. Different liquidity in elements of the complexity of the technology system, informatization level, high technology application and innovation ability of enterprises, the level of industrial development and the stage is not the same, these are decided by the development of service outsourcing industry, especially the city resources, engineering services outsourcing industry, must be based on technical features the city's comparative advantage and industry to differentiate to choose the path of development. This paper selects 13 indexes of 47 resource-based cities, the city from 2005 to 2009 A comprehensive assessment of the level of development. To determine the weight of each index by using variation coefficient method, and then through the city score ranking, to determine the relative level of each city development. Based on these results, put forward the construction of strong resources city comprehensive strength should continue to promote the modern industrial system in service outsourcing industry as the leading, optimize the industrial structure and the employment structure of the region. In the complex technical system of petroleum industry and metallurgical industry in the city, the transformation of traditional industries to modern mode, vigorously develop the productive service outsourcing industry, the formation of a field of modern service industry in the highlands. The remoteness of the level of industrial technology is low, serious surplus labor resources in the city should be. In order to enhance the vitality of enterprises is the key transition, encourage enterprises to the exploitation of resources in the area, relocation resource of enterprises.
Through the value chain resources industry decomposition, this paper proposes three types of resources of enterprises service outsourcing projects: one is the professional engineering service outsourcing business based on; two is the high-tech application service outsourcing based on business process; three is a common service outsourcing business. Based on the development and operation of service outsourcing is a system engineering, must be the internal and external factors to the development of enterprise outsourcing project comprehensive evaluation. This paper designs the service process maturity evaluation index system, using AHP through questionnaires to determine the weight of each index through expert consultation. Using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, evaluation of the development of service outsourcing projects resource of the enterprise. The thesis further expounds the specific strategy of enterprise operation service outsourcing and service outsourcing risk management Slightly.
Because of the service outsourcing industry is an emerging industry, especially just started in Resource-based City, it needs the government to adopt corresponding policies and measures to support. Continue to strengthen city management, improve the ecological environment, supporting policies, formulation of investment strategy, the construction of public information platform, promoting the implementation of planning for the development of service outsourcing industry of Daqing city. Approved by the State Council for the China service outsourcing demonstration city, has initially formed the petroleum engineering technical service oriented, information technology and professional services for the service outsourcing development pattern on both sides. The implementation of the "Daqing oilfield enterprises will go out" strategy in export-oriented development process, enhance the competitiveness of technological innovation, industrial chain integration the advantage of expanding market space, set a model for market development resource of enterprises.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F719;F299.2;F224

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