【摘要】：進入21世紀后，我國社會經濟迅猛發(fā)展，房地產行業(yè)發(fā)展更為快速。北京乃至全國的新興建筑呈現(xiàn)了大型化、高層化、多樣化、復雜化的發(fā)展趨勢。例如“鳥巢”、“水立方”、國家大劇院、天寧寺立交橋等建筑。其中建設高樓大廈不可缺少的部分是建筑物鋼結構桁架，尤其是建筑物鋼結構桁架發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。目前，我國現(xiàn)有建筑制造單位近2000家，建筑研究設計院達到3000多家，，在用的建筑已有100余萬棟，從事建筑行業(yè)工作的人員達到300多萬人。進年來，建筑行業(yè)的正處于蓬勃發(fā)展之中。然而，建筑物一旦發(fā)生事故，后果往往是機毀人亡，令人觸目驚心的。在我國發(fā)生的眾多建筑施工安全事故中，建筑物倒塌事故所占比例超過25%，一直是重點治理的方向之一。建筑物鋼結構桁架事故與故障的原因分析表明，建筑物傷害事故是由多種因素造成的，涉及設計制造，安裝維護，使用，操作人員素質，外部異常載荷以及施工環(huán)境等多個環(huán)節(jié)。因此，在建筑物投入使用過程中，對其建筑物鋼結構桁架進行認真的安全監(jiān)測是非常必要的。 本文研究的主要內容是：（1）對建筑結構安全監(jiān)測狀況進行了調研分析，明確了國內外建筑安全監(jiān)測技術發(fā)展趨勢；（2）對建筑鋼結構安全監(jiān)測關鍵技術進行了比較分析，明確了研究方案技術路線；（3）對建筑鋼結構變形損傷次聲發(fā)射定位方法進行了研究，研究分析了區(qū)域定位、時差定位方法原理與特點，根據監(jiān)測對象結構特點，采用時差定位一維線定位方法對鋼桁架結構變形損傷次聲發(fā)射位置（即變形損傷位置）進行了模擬研究，效果良好；（4）建筑結構變形損傷產生次聲波，同時由于各種因素作用產生噪聲影響，為此對建筑鋼桁架結構變形損傷次聲發(fā)射檢測過程噪聲剔除技術進行了研究，通過對中值法、平均響應法、平均位移法和小波降噪法等進行了比較研究，根據比較結果，最后采用平均位移法對次聲發(fā)射過程進行降噪效果良好；最后，搭建了建筑鋼桁架結構次聲檢測實驗系統(tǒng)，并開展了一定的實驗研究。論文在建筑鋼桁架結構變形損傷定位和聲發(fā)射噪聲降噪關鍵技術的研究方面，獲得了一些有益的結論，具有一定的新見解。
[Abstract]:After entering the 21 st century, the social economy of our country develops rapidly, and the real estate industry develops more rapidly. The emerging buildings in Beijing and even the whole country present the development trend of large-scale, high-rise, diversified and complicated. For example, Bird's Nest, Water Cube, National Grand Theater, Tianning Temple overpass and other buildings. The indispensable part of building steel truss, especially the building steel truss, plays an irreplaceable role. At present, there are nearly 2000 building manufacturing units in China, more than 3000 architectural research and design institutes, more than 1 million buildings in use, and more than 3 million people working in the construction industry. In recent years, the construction industry is in a vigorous development. However, in the event of an accident, the consequences are often mechanical destruction, shocking. Among the many construction safety accidents in our country, the proportion of building collapse accidents is more than 25%, which is one of the key management directions. The analysis of the causes of the accidents and failures of steel trusses in buildings shows that the accidents of building injuries are caused by many factors, including design and manufacture, installation and maintenance, use, and quality of operators. External abnormal load and construction environment and other links. Therefore, it is very necessary to carefully monitor the safety of the steel truss of the building in the process of putting the building into use. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the status of safety monitoring of building structures has been investigated and analyzed, and the development trend of building safety monitoring technology at home and abroad has been clarified. (2) the key technologies of safety monitoring of steel structures are compared and analyzed, and the technical route of the research scheme is clarified. (3) the infrasonic emission localization method for deformation damage of building steel structure is studied, and the principle and characteristics of regional location and moveout positioning method are analyzed, according to the structural characteristics of monitoring object, The position of deformation-damage infrasonic emission (i.e. the position of deformation-damage) of steel truss structures is simulated by time-difference one-dimensional line positioning method and the results are satisfactory. (4) the infrasonic wave is produced by the deformed damage of the building structure, at the same time, the noise is affected by various factors, so the noise elimination technology in the process of detecting the deformation damage of the building steel truss structure is studied, and the median method is used. The average response method, average displacement method and wavelet denoising method are compared. According to the comparison results, the average displacement method is used to reduce the noise of infrasound emission process. Finally, an experimental system of infrasound detection for steel truss structure is built, and some experimental studies are carried out. In this paper, some useful conclusions are obtained in the research of the key technologies of deformation-damage location and acoustic emission noise reduction for steel truss structures.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU391;TU317

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