【摘要】：房屋反向抵押是旨在以房養(yǎng)老的一種新型抵押制度,在歐美國家的運(yùn)行已日趨成熟,這一制度可以極大地緩解人口老齡化帶來的社會(huì)養(yǎng)老壓力,是對(duì)養(yǎng)老保障體制的很好補(bǔ)充。我國也曾嘗試引進(jìn)該制度,但運(yùn)行效果并不理想,原因包括宣傳不到位、傳統(tǒng)觀念影響、產(chǎn)品風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及法律制度不匹配等,其中法律制度不匹配是房屋反向抵押運(yùn)行的主要障礙。要想更好的引入該制度,就需要對(duì)我國現(xiàn)有法律環(huán)境和房屋反向抵押進(jìn)行結(jié)合、改良,構(gòu)建成由政府主導(dǎo)、機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施、房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)續(xù)期明確以及農(nóng)村適度發(fā)展的綜合性制度體系。 全文除導(dǎo)論和結(jié)語以外,共分三大部分,行文一萬五千余字。 第一部分是房屋反向抵押制度在我國建立的意義。我國現(xiàn)階段養(yǎng)老需求巨大,傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老制度亟需改進(jìn),而我國私有產(chǎn)權(quán)住房量大、房地產(chǎn)二級(jí)市場和金融市場的不斷發(fā)展完善等都為該項(xiàng)制度在我國建立打下了很好的基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí),建立該制度還能保障老年人的生活水平、緩解社會(huì)養(yǎng)老壓力、完善養(yǎng)老制度、促進(jìn)地產(chǎn)金融市場的不斷發(fā)展等等,對(duì)我國的發(fā)展有重要意義。 第二部分著重論述房屋反向制度在我國建立的現(xiàn)狀。我國一些城市曾經(jīng)試點(diǎn)過“以房養(yǎng)老”的相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù),但是大都中途夭折,主要原因不僅包括我國的養(yǎng)老傳統(tǒng)和社會(huì)觀念,還由于房屋反向抵押和我國建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)、農(nóng)村土地集體所有制以及禁止流質(zhì)條款等這些現(xiàn)行法律制度之間存在一定矛盾。 第三部分是我國房屋反向抵押制度的構(gòu)建。要想在我國建立房屋反向抵押制度,就需要效仿國外的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),科學(xué)的對(duì)體制進(jìn)行構(gòu)建,加大政府的支持力度,并且著重對(duì)我國的法律制度和法治環(huán)境進(jìn)行完善。 本文試圖從問題出發(fā),論證房屋反向抵押在我國建立的意義,并且從中發(fā)現(xiàn)建立該制度要面臨的問題,最后從法律的角度給出一些建議。這是本文可能的創(chuàng)新之處。本文也有不足,主要是沒能將房屋反向抵押制度已經(jīng)存在或未來可能遇見的法律問題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的闡釋,不夠全面。
[Abstract]:Housing reverse mortgage is a new type of mortgage system which aims to provide for the aged by housing. It has become more and more mature in European and American countries. This system can greatly alleviate the pressure of social pension brought by the aging of the population and is a good supplement to the old-age security system. China has also tried to introduce the system, but the operation effect is not satisfactory, including the lack of publicity, the impact of traditional ideas, product risk and the mismatch of legal system, etc. The mismatch of the legal system is the main obstacle to the operation of the house reverse mortgage. To better introduce this system, we need to combine the existing legal environment of our country with the reverse mortgage of housing, improve and construct a comprehensive system of government leading, institutional implementation, the renewal of housing property rights and the moderate development of rural areas. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into three parts, more than 15000 words. The first part is the significance of building house reverse mortgage system in our country. At the present stage, there is a huge demand for the aged in our country, and the traditional pension system needs to be improved urgently. However, the large amount of private property right housing, the continuous development and perfection of the secondary real estate market and the financial market have all laid a good foundation for the establishment of this system in our country. At the same time, the establishment of the system can also protect the living standards of the elderly, ease the pressure on the social endowment, improve the pension system, promote the continuous development of the real estate financial market, etc., which is of great significance to the development of our country. The second part focuses on the establishment of the reverse housing system in China. Some cities in our country have experimented with the related business of "providing for the aged by housing", but most of them have died in the middle of the way. The main reasons are not only the old-age tradition and the social concept of our country, but also the reverse mortgage of houses and the right to use construction land in our country. There are some contradictions between the current legal systems such as collective ownership of rural land and prohibition of fluid quality. The third part is the construction of the reverse mortgage system in our country. In order to establish the reverse mortgage system in our country, we need to emulate the successful experience of foreign countries, construct the system scientifically, increase the support of the government, and focus on perfecting the legal system and the legal environment of our country. This paper tries to demonstrate the significance of the establishment of reverse mortgage in our country from the point of view of the problem, and find out the problems to be faced in the establishment of this system. Finally, some suggestions are given from the angle of law. This is the possible innovation of this paper. This article also has the insufficiency, mainly fails to carry on the systematic explanation which the housing reverse mortgage system already exists or may meet in the future legal question, is not comprehensive.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2;D922.3

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