本文選題：居住綠地 + 園林植物��； 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：北京2011年的房地產開發(fā)投資達3036.3億元,近5年的平均增長率高達12.58%。也就是說居住用地所占城市建設用地比重大,且呈逐年增長趨勢。直至2011年底,北京城市綠化覆蓋率達到45.6%,居住綠地面積所占的比例越來越大,是城市綠地系統(tǒng)中重要的組成部分。因此居住綠地植物多樣性對北京城市整體植物多樣性水平及居住綠地植物景觀有較大影響。對居住綠地植物多樣性、影響因子及植物景觀的研究,能為北京整體植物多樣性規(guī)劃,居住區(qū)植物景觀往利于景觀異質性高、城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣化的方向發(fā)展,提供一定的參考。本文采用網格法,實地調查92個居住小區(qū)的植物多樣性及其植物景觀；利用SPSS分析86個小區(qū)中各社會經濟因素與其植物多樣性的相關性,并對社會經濟因子進行DCA及PCA排序；然后結合排序結果對居住綠地植物景觀進行深入研究,探討社會經濟因素對居住綠地植物景觀的影響。研究結果表明： (1)北京建成區(qū)居住綠地現有植物種類315種(含變種、變型及品種),隸屬87科192屬。其中植物種類比中,喬木：灌木：藤本：草本為6.3：2.8：1：6.6,常綠：落葉為1：7.6,鄉(xiāng)土與外來植物比例為1：1.4,且以草本的外來植物比例較高,達63.2%。 (2)現有植物覆蓋14個地理區(qū)類型和9個地理區(qū)變型,以北溫帶、泛熱帶地區(qū)、世界分布及東亞和北美間斷四個地理區(qū)類型的植物為主,所占比例分別為33.2%12.78%8.63%8.31%。 (3)優(yōu)勢科屬中薔薇科(Rosaceae)15.0%菊科(Compositae)6.4%禾本科(Gramineae)4.5%,三者比例高達25.9%。而應用頻度較高的植物種類有油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、雪松(Cedrus deodara)、銀杏(Ginkgo biloba)、國槐(Sophora japonica)、碧桃(Amygdalus persica)、紫葉李(Prunus cerasifera)等,也多以薔薇科、菊科及禾本科植物為主。 (4)居住綠地中喬木整體多樣性水平高于灌木及草本,尤其是Patrick豐富度及Simpson多樣性；灌木Patrick豐富度較低,Peliou均勻度較高；而草本均勻度兩極分化嚴重,分布極不均勻。 (5)建成年限及綠化率與居住綠地植物多樣性呈顯著正相關,容積率及家庭戶數與植物多樣性呈顯著負相關,物業(yè)費及房屋類型與植物多樣性呈不顯著的正相關,而地理位置及房價與植物多樣性沒有顯著的相關性。 (6)居住綠地現狀平均綠地率為7.93m2,分布不均勻；綠地布局以行列式、圍繞式、群點式及混合式為主；整體植物群落以喬灌草型的群落結構為主,植物景觀均質化現象較為嚴重。 (7)隨著建成年限的推進,居住區(qū)整體植物景觀在材料選擇、樹種應用、綠地布局及功能性場所植物景觀營造上有了較大提升。別墅區(qū)應用植物種類較以板樓及塔樓為主的居住區(qū)豐富且新奇,宅旁綠地比例更大,植物景觀營造更精致且識別性高。而容積率低的居住區(qū)在植物景觀上更注重空間的塑造,景觀變化多樣；容積率高的小區(qū)植物景觀相對粗糙。 研究結果能為房地產開發(fā)商引導居住綠地植物多樣性水平往利于城市植物多樣性穩(wěn)定及提升的方向發(fā)展,提供一定的參考。同時,為景觀設計師在進行居住綠地植物配置時,營造植物多樣性高,景觀異質性高的植物景觀提供新思路。
[Abstract]:The investment of real estate development in Beijing in 2011 reached 303 billion 630 million yuan, the average growth rate of nearly 5 years was up to 12.58%., that is to say, the proportion of urban construction land occupied by residential land is significant, and it is increasing year by year. Until the end of 2011, the greening coverage rate of Beijing City reached 45.6%, the proportion of living green ground accumulated more and more, it was the urban green space system. Therefore, the plant diversity of residential green space has a great influence on the overall plant diversity of Beijing city and the plant landscape of the residential green space. The study on the plant diversity, influence factors and plant landscape of the residential green space can plan for the whole plant diversity of Beijing, and the plant landscape in the residential area is good for the high landscape heterogeneity. In this paper, a grid method is used to investigate the plant diversity and plant landscape of 92 residential areas in this paper. The correlation between social economic factors and plant diversity in the 86 communities is analyzed by SPSS, and the social and economic factors are sorted by DCA and PCA. According to the result of sorting, the influence of socio-economic factors on plant landscape in residential green space was studied.
(1) there are 315 species of existing plant species (including varieties, variants and varieties) in Beijing built-up area, belonging to 87 families and 192 genera. Among them, trees: trees: shrubs: Fujimoto: herbaceous is 6.3:2.8:1:6.6, evergreen is 1:7.6, the proportion of native and exotic plants is 1:1.4, and the proportion of herbaceous exotic plants is higher, up to 63.2%.
(2) the existing plants cover 14 geographical regions and 9 geographical regions, which are mainly north temperate, pan tropical, world distribution and East Asian and North American discontinuous four geographical regions, the proportion of which is 33.2%12.78%8.63%8.31%., respectively.
(3) the dominant family of the family Rosaceae (Rosaceae) 15% Compositae (Compositae) 6.4% Gramineae (Gramineae) 4.5%, three with a high proportion of 25.9%. and high frequency of application of plant species of pine (Pinus tabulaeformis), cedar (Cedrus deodara), Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), Sophora japonica (Sophora japonica), peach fruit, purple leaf plum Fera) and so on, mainly in Rosaceae, Compositae and Gramineae.
(4) the total diversity of trees in the green space is higher than that of shrubs and herbs, especially the richness of Patrick and Simpson diversity; the richness of shrub Patrick is lower, and the uniformity of Peliou is higher, but the polarization of herbaceous uniformity is serious and the distribution is very uneven.
(5) there is a significant positive correlation between the built-up age and the greening rate and the plant diversity of the residential green space. The volume rate and household number have a significant negative correlation with the plant diversity, and there is no significant positive correlation between the property fee and the housing type and the plant diversity, but there is no significant correlation between the geographical location and the house price and the plant diversity.
(6) the average green space rate of the residential green space is 7.93m2, and the distribution is uneven. The layout of green space is mainly composed of determinant, surrounding type, group point type and mixed type; the whole plant community is dominated by the grass type grass type community structure, and the homogenization of plant landscape is more serious.
(7) with the advance of the completion years, the whole plant landscape in the residential area has been greatly improved in material selection, tree species application, green space layout and functional site plant landscape construction. The residential area with low floor area ratio pays more attention to the shaping of the space and the variety of landscape in the plant landscape. The plant landscape of the plot with high plot ratio is relatively coarse.
The research results can provide some reference for the real estate developers to guide the development of plant diversity of the residential green land to the direction of the stability and promotion of urban plant diversity. At the same time, it provides a new idea for landscape designers to build plant diversity with high plant diversity and high landscape heterogeneity.
【學位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S731.5

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