本文選題：商業(yè)銀行 + 銀行監(jiān)管��； 參考：《江西財經大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：銀行業(yè)作為整個經濟金融體系的核心,對實體經濟的發(fā)展起著舉足輕重的作用。而市場失靈的客觀存在決定了銀行監(jiān)管的必然出現(xiàn)。對銀行業(yè)實施有效的監(jiān)管是保證銀行業(yè)持續(xù)穩(wěn)健經營,維護金融體系安全與穩(wěn)定,促進實體經濟健康發(fā)展的必要條件。在我國,隨著經濟體制改革的不斷深入,銀行監(jiān)管也幾經變革。2003年,中國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會成立,獨立地行使對我國銀行業(yè)的監(jiān)管職能,形成“一行三會”的金融監(jiān)管模式至今,已經過了十余個年頭。十余年間,國際經濟金融形勢發(fā)生了巨大變化,特別是2007年美國“次貸危機”引發(fā)了國際性金融危機,對包括中國在內的世界各國的金融經濟產生了深遠的影響。而我國作為重要的新興經濟體國家之一,在經濟快速發(fā)展的同時,也面臨著嚴峻復雜的金融經濟形勢的考驗,即經濟發(fā)展中不平衡、不協(xié)調、不可持續(xù)的矛盾和問題仍很突出,經濟增長下行壓力和物價上漲壓力并存,金融、房地產等領域存在的潛在風險不容忽視,銀行業(yè)也承受著改革轉型的巨大壓力。在這樣的經濟金融環(huán)境下,我國銀行監(jiān)管的績效究竟如何?具體包括了我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管經歷了怎樣的發(fā)展,存在哪些問題,產生這些問題的原因是什么,量化的監(jiān)管績效水平如何,以及怎樣才能提高我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管績效?這成為了一個國人不得不極為關注的重要問題。本文從理論聯(lián)系實際的角度,對我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管及其特征進行了分析與闡述,拓寬了一直以來學術界對我國銀行監(jiān)管的內涵和外延的定義,提出我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管是更為廣泛意義上的銀行監(jiān)管,包含了具中國特色的“內嵌式監(jiān)管”,即政府將對銀行的監(jiān)管直接滲入銀行的公司治理當中,本質上實現(xiàn)了政府直接參與銀行經營發(fā)展。同時,還具體論證了我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管是以政府為銀行監(jiān)管主體的包含了中央政府層面和地方政府層面銀行監(jiān)管的雙線多頭監(jiān)管,以及我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管目標具有雙重性,即外部監(jiān)管和“內嵌式監(jiān)管”都具有安全性和效益性雙重目標。本文對我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管績效的現(xiàn)狀進行了分析,回顧了我國銀行監(jiān)管機構監(jiān)管、地方政府銀行監(jiān)管和商業(yè)銀行“內嵌式監(jiān)管”的發(fā)展與實踐,分析、總結了我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管存在的問題,即我國政府在銀行監(jiān)管中存在定位困境、銀行監(jiān)管的有效性有待進一步提高、地方政府過度監(jiān)管負面效應凸顯,并對其原因進行了分析。本文基于對我國商業(yè)銀行外部監(jiān)管具有安全性和效率性雙重目標,即以較高的“風險收益”為監(jiān)管目標的論證,從較好控制金融風險以維持銀行業(yè)乃至整個金融經濟安全,并以此促進銀行業(yè)乃至整個金融經濟發(fā)展的角度,結合我國人民銀行、銀監(jiān)會和地方政府金融辦“三位一體”的監(jiān)管體系特征,運用熵值法得出評價我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管的總體風險控制水平和綜合效益的一個綜合性指標體系,對我國商業(yè)銀行外部監(jiān)管績效進行了全面的現(xiàn)狀分析和實證研究,得出了查處銀行違規(guī)金額與我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管績效不相關,資本充足率、存貸比,以及城市商業(yè)銀行的不良貸款率高于全國性股份制銀行的百分點與我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管績效水平呈負相關關系,以及人民銀行總資產變化量和銀行本外幣各項貸款余額與我國商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管績效水平呈正相關但影響力相當小等結論。這在很大程度上彌補了一直以來學術界對我國銀行監(jiān)管的研究未將地方政府監(jiān)管納入其研究范疇的缺失與不足,以及目前學術界孤立的從銀行監(jiān)管的安全性目標或是效率性目標,對我國商業(yè)銀行外部監(jiān)管績效進行評價的局限。本文基于對我國商業(yè)銀行“內嵌式監(jiān)管”具有安全性和效率性雙重目標,即以較高的“風險收益”為監(jiān)管目標的論證,從各銀行機構在較好控制其總體風險的同時,實現(xiàn)良好的經營效益的角度,運用熵值法得出銀行總體風險控制水平和綜合效益兩個綜合性指標體系,設立我國商業(yè)銀行“內嵌式監(jiān)管”績效固定影響變截距的面板數(shù)據(jù)(Panel data)模型,對我國商業(yè)銀行“內嵌式監(jiān)管”績效進行實證析研究,得出了國有控股能力、監(jiān)事會規(guī)模和具有政府背景的高管人數(shù)與我國商業(yè)銀行“內嵌式監(jiān)管”績效水平負相關,而董事會規(guī)模、具有政府背景的董事和監(jiān)事比例以及高管人員薪酬則與之不相關等結論。這在很大程度上突破了目前學術界孤立的從銀行監(jiān)管的安全性目標或是效率性目標,對我國商業(yè)銀行“內嵌式監(jiān)管”績效進行評價的局限。最后,本文基于風險收益視角,簡要地歸納了美國、德國、英國、新加坡等國家在銀行監(jiān)管體系、銀行監(jiān)管方法與手段、監(jiān)管信息化建設和銀行監(jiān)管人員管理方面的經驗以及對我國銀行監(jiān)管的啟示,結合對我國銀行監(jiān)管的現(xiàn)狀分析和實證研究,從進一步完善我國銀行監(jiān)管體系、方法與手段、信息化建設、人員管理和地方政府監(jiān)管職能五個方面入手,分別提出了提高我國銀行監(jiān)管績效的具體對策與建議。
[Abstract]:As the core of the whole economic and financial system, the banking industry plays an important role in the development of the real economy. The objective existence of the market failure determines the inevitable emergence of the bank supervision. The effective supervision of the banking industry is to ensure the steady and steady operation of the banking industry, safeguard the security and stability of the financial system, and promote the healthy development of the real economy. In China, with the deepening of the reform of the economic system and the reform of the banking system for.2003 years, the Banking Regulatory Commission of China has been established to independently exercise the regulatory function of the banking industry and form a "one line of three meetings". The financial situation of the Francis has changed greatly, especially in 2007, the American subprime crisis triggered an international financial crisis, which had a profound impact on the financial economy of all countries, including China. China, as one of the important emerging economies, also faced severe and complicated gold at the same time of rapid economic development. The test of the economic situation, that is, the imbalance, incoordination and unsustainable contradictions and problems in the economic development is still very prominent, the downward pressure of economic growth and the rising pressure of price rise, the potential risks in the fields of finance, real estate and other fields can not be ignored, and the banking industry is also under the great pressure of the transformation of reform. What is the performance of China's banking supervision? Specifically, what is the development of China's commercial bank supervision, what are the problems, what are the reasons for these problems, the quantitative level of supervision performance, and how to improve the performance of our commercial banks, which has become a great concern for a country. From the point of view of theory and practice, this paper analyzes and expounds the supervision and characteristics of China's commercial banks, broadens the definition of the connotation and extension of the bank supervision in our country, and puts forward that the supervision of commercial banks in China is a more extensive banking supervision, including the "inlay" with Chinese characteristics. "Type supervision", that is, the government will infiltrate the bank's supervision directly into the corporate governance of the bank, which essentially realizes the government's direct participation in the development of the bank management. At the same time, it is demonstrated that the supervision of the commercial banks in China is a double line with the central government level and the local government level of banking supervision, which is the main body of the government as the bank supervision. Supervision, as well as the regulatory objectives of commercial banks in China are dual, that is, both external supervision and "embedded supervision" are both safe and effective. This paper analyzes the current situation of the regulatory performance of China's commercial banks, reviews the supervision of China's banking regulatory agencies, local government banking supervision and the "embedded prison" of commercial banks. The development and practice of management, analysis and analysis of the existing problems of China's commercial bank supervision, that is, our government has a predicament in the banking supervision, the effectiveness of the bank supervision needs to be further improved, the negative effect of the local government overregulation is highlighted, and its reasons are analyzed. This article is based on the external supervision of the commercial banks in China. With the dual goal of security and efficiency, that is, the demonstration of the higher "risk income" as the regulatory target, from the point of better control of the financial risk to maintain the security of the banking and the whole financial economy, and to promote the development of the banking and even the whole financial economy, is combined with the people's Bank of China, the Banking Regulatory Commission and the local government financial office. " The characteristics of the regulatory system of the Trinity, using entropy method, to get a comprehensive index system to evaluate the overall risk control level and comprehensive benefits of China's commercial bank supervision, and to carry out an overall situation analysis and Empirical Study on the external supervision performance of the commercial banks in China, and to find out the investigation and investigation of the bank violation amount and the Commercial Bank of China. There is a negative correlation between the capital adequacy ratio, the ratio of capital adequacy, the ratio of deposit and loan, the percentage of non-performing loans of urban commercial banks higher than the national joint-stock banks and the regulatory performance level of commercial banks in China, as well as the amount of the total assets of the people's Bank and the balance of the bank foreign currency and the regulatory performance of the commercial banks of our country. The conclusion is that the level is positively related but the influence is quite small. This makes up for a great extent, to a great extent, it has made up for the lack and deficiency of the study of the local government supervision in the study of China's banking supervision, as well as the isolation of the current academic circles from the safety goal of banking supervision or the efficiency goal, and the commercial silver of our country. This paper is based on the dual goal of security and efficiency of the "embedded supervision" in China's commercial banks, which is a demonstration of the higher "risk income" as the target of supervision. From the perspective of the good management efficiency, the use of entropy is applied from the angle of the banking institutions to better control their overall risks. The value method draws the two comprehensive index system of the overall risk control level and the comprehensive benefit of the bank, and sets up the panel data (Panel data) model of the "embedded supervision" in the Commercial Bank of our country, which has a fixed effect on the variable intercept, and makes an empirical analysis on the performance of the "embedded supervision" in the commercial banks of our country, and draws the state holding capacity and the supervisory board. The number of executives with government background is negatively related to the performance level of "embedded supervision" in China's commercial banks, while the size of the board of directors, the proportion of the directors and supervisors with the government background and the salary of the executives are unrelated to them. This has largely broken through the isolation of the current academic circles from the safety of banking supervision. The limitations of evaluating the performance of "embedded supervision" in commercial banks in China are limited by sexual goals or efficiency targets. Finally, based on the perspective of risk income, this paper briefly summarizes the banking supervision system, the methods and means of banking supervision and supervision in the United States, Germany, Britain and Singapore, the construction of supervision information and the management of bank regulators. The experience and the enlightenment to China's Bank Supervision, combined with the current situation analysis and empirical research on China's Bank Supervision, from five aspects of further perfecting the banking supervision system, methods and means, information construction, personnel management and local government supervision functions, put forward specific measures to improve the performance of China's Bank supervision. Suggestions and suggestions.
【學位授予單位】：江西財經大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.33

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