本文選題：生本能　切入點(diǎn)：死本能　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：約翰·厄普代克是美國(guó)當(dāng)代著名小說家和評(píng)論家。他的代表作兔子系列小說包括《兔子，跑吧》(1960)、《兔子歸來》(1971)、《兔子富了》(1981)、《兔子歇了》(1990)，獲得過眾多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。在兔子系列小說中，厄普代克描寫了一個(gè)外號(hào)叫兔子的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員哈利·安斯特朗從20世紀(jì)50年代到20世紀(jì)80年代的生活經(jīng)歷。約翰·厄普代克出生于20世紀(jì)30年代。歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)這兩大事件對(duì)厄普代克的生活和心理均產(chǎn)生了重大影響。這些生活經(jīng)歷不僅讓他感受到生活的艱辛與可貴，也讓他感受到了死亡的無情與可怕。兔子系列的每一部小說中，都伴隨著各種人物的出生和死亡，生死問題可謂是貫穿始終。厄普代克通過對(duì)生和死的描寫，探尋人類的生存意義。 學(xué)者們從很多角度對(duì)兔子四部曲進(jìn)行過研究，但是從生本能和死本能角度分析兔子系列小說的專著不多，且缺乏系統(tǒng)性。因此本文擬從弗洛伊德的生本能和死本能的角度來分析兔子系列小說，探究小說中人物潛在的生本能和死本能，以及生本能和死本能對(duì)小說中人物的影響。 在弗洛伊德看來，人類由互相沖突的兩種本能所驅(qū)動(dòng)，即生本能和死本能。生本能代表著創(chuàng)造和愛的力量。死本能實(shí)際上是生本能的另一極表現(xiàn)，它代表著破壞和恨的力量,其終極目的是從生命狀態(tài)回復(fù)或倒退到先前的無機(jī)狀態(tài)。弗洛依德指出生本能和死本能是一切行為的最終原因。 除引言和結(jié)論外，本文分為三大章，具體內(nèi)容如下。 引言部分筆者首先介紹了厄普代克的文學(xué)成就、兔子系列小說的文學(xué)地位以及其國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況。其次，筆者簡(jiǎn)單介紹了兔子系列小說的基本內(nèi)容。最后筆者解釋了用弗洛伊德的生本能和死本能理論作為理論方法來研究兔子系列小說的原因并闡述了本論文的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 第一章筆者主要分析了兔子和詹尼斯的生本能。兔子感到死亡的威脅，內(nèi)心深處的生本能促使他企圖通過不停的跑步來延長(zhǎng)自己的生命。與此同時(shí)，兔子無法抗拒垃圾食品的誘惑并不停地吃各種垃圾食品。盡管他的體重已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)，但吃東西的過程使他覺得自己仍然活著。晚年時(shí)，兔子與兒媳普魯發(fā)生的性關(guān)系也給兔子一種新生的感覺，使他重新體驗(yàn)到生命的美好。兔子的妻子詹尼斯在遭遇丈夫和情人的拋棄后，內(nèi)心的生本能覺醒，決心不再依附于男人生活。她一改以往邋遢的形象，變得有活力和尊嚴(yán)。在兔子生病住院期間，詹尼斯學(xué)習(xí)房地產(chǎn)知識(shí)并成為一名職業(yè)女性，支撐起整個(gè)家庭的責(zé)任，因此獲得了“重生”。兔子受性本能影響與多個(gè)女人發(fā)生關(guān)系，但他只關(guān)注自己的感受和需求，對(duì)于身邊的女人并沒有投入過多的感情，只是一味的從愛他的女人那里索取。 第二章筆者重點(diǎn)分析了兔子的死本能。兔子內(nèi)心潛在的死本能有很多體現(xiàn)，，他經(jīng)常想起死去的人，并將周圍的許多事物與死亡聯(lián)系在一起。兔子在身體死亡之前，其精神早已死亡。兔子逐漸喪失了其原有的反抗精神，滿足于現(xiàn)狀；兔子還失去了自由和歸屬感，即使最后終于擁有了屬于自己的房子，但依然為內(nèi)心的孤獨(dú)感所縈繞。兔子的性本能也隨之衰退了，在與女性的關(guān)系中兔子開始處于被動(dòng)的地位。在經(jīng)歷了自己女兒，母親等人的死亡后，兔子在死本能的指引下最終走向死亡。 第三章筆者對(duì)人類的生存與死亡問題進(jìn)行了研究。厄普代克從小受牛皮癬和口吃的困擾，在母親的鼓勵(lì)下，厄普代克通過寫作抒發(fā)自己的情感。最終他從困境中走出，并成為了一位杰出的作家。這實(shí)際是生本能戰(zhàn)勝死本能的實(shí)例。根據(jù)弗洛伊德的理論，生本能對(duì)應(yīng)著愛的情感，死本能對(duì)應(yīng)著恨的情感。在兔子的家庭中，母子、父子、夫妻、情人之間，愛與恨的情感復(fù)雜地交織在一起。對(duì)于生存和死亡，人類存有復(fù)雜的態(tài)度。由于生本能的緣故，人類普遍關(guān)心和珍愛自己的生命；但又受死本能的影響，對(duì)他人的生命表現(xiàn)得冷漠和無情。同時(shí)，人類只關(guān)注自己的利益，使得以往的人情逐漸淡漠。 論文最后得出結(jié)論，通過借用弗洛伊德的生本能和死本能理論分析厄普代克的兔子系列小說，可以透過生存和死亡兩個(gè)方面看到厄普代克想要表達(dá)的對(duì)于整個(gè)人類生存和死亡的思考。小說中人物經(jīng)歷的事情，將來也可能發(fā)生在每個(gè)人身上。兔子經(jīng)歷的苦惱和掙扎對(duì)讀者有所啟示。讀者可以通過反省自己，確立正確的精神導(dǎo)向，尋找自我價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:John Updike is a famous contemporary American novelist and critic. His masterpiece of Rabbit series including "rabbit, run (1960) >, < return > rabbit (1971)," rabbit is rich (1981) > >, < rabbit at rest (1990), won numerous awards. In a series of small rabbit said. Updike describes a nickname rabbit basketball player Harry Anstrand from 1950s to 1980s life experience. John Updike was born in 1930s. It has significant influence of European economic crisis and world war second of the two events of Updike's life and psychology. These experiences not only let him feel the hardships of life and is also let him feel death cruel and terrible. Each novel rabbit series, are accompanied by various characters of birth and death, life and death is a problem throughout Updike explores the meaning of human existence through his description of life and death.
Scholars from many angles to the four steps of the rabbit, but the rabbit series analysis from birth instinct and death instinct of books is not much, and lack of system. So this paper from Freud's life instinct and death instinct of Rabbit series, sounding characters in the novels by instinct and potential the death instinct, and influence the life instincts and the death instinct of the characters in the novel.
In Freud's view, the human instinct driven by two conflicting, namely life instinct and death instinct. Life instinct represents the strength of creativity and love. The death instinct is actually another performance of life instinct, it represents the destruction and hate strength, the ultimate aim is to reply or back to the previous state of inorganic from the life state. Floyd refers to the ultimate cause of birth and death instinct instinct is all behavior.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into three chapters, and the specific contents are as follows.
The introduction part firstly introduces Updike's literary achievements, rabbit novels literary status as well as its domestic and international research situation. Secondly, the author introduces the basic content of Rabbit series. Finally the author explains Freud's life instinct and death instinct theory as a theoretical method to study the reason of Rabbit series and elaborated the significance of the article.
The first chapter mainly analyzes the rabbit and Janice life instinct. The rabbit felt the threat of death, heart of life instinct prompted him to keep running through the attempt to extend their life. At the same time, the rabbit could not resist the temptation to eat junk food does not stop eating all kinds of junk food. Although his weight has been seriously exceed the standard. But eat to make him feel that he is still alive. Later, the rabbit and the daughter-in-law Pulu sex also gave the rabbit a new feeling, causes him to experience the beauty of life. The rabbit's wife Janis in the event of a husband and lover abandoned, heart instinctive awakening, determined not to cling to a man in life. She changed the dirty image, energetic and dignity. During the period of the rabbit is sick in hospital, Janice to learn the knowledge of real estate and become a female occupation, to support the whole family Because of the responsibility of the court, it gained the "rebirth". The rabbit's sexual instinct influenced the relationship with many women, but he only focused on his feelings and needs, and he didn't put too much affection on the women around him. He just asked for it from his loved ones.
The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the death instinct of the rabbit. The rabbit heart has a lot of potential death instinct reflected, he often thinks of the dead, and many things around and death together. The rabbit before their death, the spirit has already died. The rabbit has gradually lost its original spirit of revolt, satisfied with the status quo rabbit; also lost their freedom and a sense of belonging, even if finally have their own house, but still haunted the inner loneliness. Rabbit's instinct will decline, in relation with women in the rabbit started in a passive position. After her daughter, the mother's death. The rabbit to eventually died in the death instinct under the guidance.
The problem of human survival and death were studied. The third chapter from Updike by psoriasis and stuttering problems, encouraged by his mother, Updike by writing to express their feelings. Finally he walked out from the predicament, and became an outstanding writer. This is an example of real life instinct defeat death instinct according to Freud's Theory of life instinct corresponds to the emotion of love, death instinct corresponds to hate emotions. In rabbit's family, mother, father, husband, lover, feelings of love and hate intertwined. The life and death of human beings, the attitude of the complex. Because of the sake of instinct generally, care and cherish their own lives but also by the influence of human beings; death instinct, the lives of others was cold and ruthless. At the same time, people only pay attention to their own interests, makes the human feelings gradually indifferent.
The paper finally draws the conclusion, through the use of Freud's life instinct and death instinct theory analysis of Rabbit series of novels of Updike, through the two aspects of life and death to see Updike want to express the thinking about the human survival and death. People experience things in the novel, for everyone may experience a rabbit in the future. Misery and struggle for readers inspiration. Readers can reflect on their own, to establish the correct orientation, looking for self value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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本文編號(hào)：1628587