本文選題：學區(qū)劃分　切入點：問題　出處：《浙江工商大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：《中華人民共和國義務教育法》(以下簡稱《義務教育法》)規(guī)定了義務教育階段學生免試入學、就近入學等學區(qū)劃分原則,但是它并沒有具體規(guī)定怎樣來貫徹實施這些原則。在我國中小學學區(qū)劃分缺乏相關法律規(guī)制的情況下,學區(qū)劃分亂象叢生,各方利益盤根錯節(jié),亟待法律的治理。本文通過對學區(qū)劃分過程中的行政行為存在的法律問題進行分析,意欲將我國的中小學學區(qū)劃分納入法治軌道,以期公平、公正的進行學區(qū)劃分,從而使適齡兒童和少年的受教育權得到切實的保護。本篇文章主要結構分為： 第一部分提出了學區(qū)劃分中的問題。首先,通過政府、房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商、房主、家長等角度全面闡述當今學區(qū)劃分中的亂象是多方利益博弈的結果。其次,通過分析這些亂象來闡述稀缺的教學資源、不公平的教學資源分布以及商業(yè)利益的誘人性是這些問題產(chǎn)生的社會根源。再次,從教育公平、均衡利益、防止腐敗、保障利害關系人程序性權益等考慮,闡明當今學區(qū)劃分亟需法律的治理。 第二部分闡述了學區(qū)劃分權力是徘徊于法治的邊緣。首先,對學區(qū)劃分的行為性質(zhì)進行全面的界定。其次,從制定主體和表現(xiàn)形式等方面實證分析了學區(qū)劃分行為。再次,對學區(qū)劃分的法規(guī)范依據(jù)和其它規(guī)范性依據(jù)進行考察。 第三部分對學區(qū)劃分的文本中體現(xiàn)的實體原則進行考察和分析。首先,通過對筆者搜集的七城市的學區(qū)劃分文件所體現(xiàn)的原則對學區(qū)劃分的實體原則進行考察。其次,根據(jù)相關的學區(qū)劃分文件的歷年變化以及相關的報刊及報道分析行政機關在學區(qū)劃分中存在的實體原則問題。再次,分析這些實體原則的問題與發(fā)展方向。 第四部分通過對學區(qū)劃分文本的考察,分析學區(qū)劃分的程序。首先,對當今的中小學學區(qū)劃分程序進行考察。其次,通過對學區(qū)劃分程序的考察,分析現(xiàn)行的學區(qū)劃分程序的主要問題。再次,分析了教育行政部門在學區(qū)劃分過程中存在的問題,并在此基礎上分析了改革的思路。 第五部分提出建構學區(qū)劃分主要法律制度的思路。首先,全面闡述了學區(qū)劃分法治化的路徑與思路。其次,將實體和程序兩個原則確定為學區(qū)劃分的法律原則。第三,明確了當前我國中小學學區(qū)劃分的行政主體是教育行政部門,并對教育行政部門的權力和責任進行了界定。第四,提出了學區(qū)劃分正當法律程序的建構,包括學區(qū)劃分的過程、法律監(jiān)督以及救濟機制。 結語部分筆者提出學區(qū)劃分亂象叢生的根本原因還是在于優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源的稀缺以及分布的不合理等社會根源,將學區(qū)劃分納入法治軌道只能在現(xiàn)階段最大限度的保證劃分過程的公平公正,并不能從根本上解決問題。只有真正實現(xiàn)義務教育的均衡發(fā)展,并且使優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源的覆蓋范圍不斷擴大,才能從根本上解決學區(qū)劃分過程中存在的問題。
[Abstract]:The compulsory Education Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "the compulsory Education Law") stipulates the principle of dividing school districts in the compulsory education stage, such as students attending school without examination, and by going to school nearby. However, it does not specify how to implement these principles. In the absence of relevant legal regulations for the division of primary and secondary school districts in China, the division of school districts is chaotic and the interests of all parties are intertwined. Through the analysis of the legal problems existing in the administrative behavior in the course of the division of school districts, this paper intends to bring the division of primary and secondary school districts into the track of rule of law in order to carry out the division of school districts fairly and justly. Thus, the right to education of school-age children and adolescents can be effectively protected. The main structure of this article is as follows:. The first part puts forward the problems in the division of school districts. First of all, through the angle of the government, real estate developers, homeowners, parents and so on, it comprehensively explains the results of the multi-interest game in the division of school districts. Through the analysis of these chaotic phenomena to explain the scarce teaching resources, the unfair distribution of teaching resources and the attractiveness of commercial interests are the social root of these problems. Thirdly, from the perspective of education equity, balancing interests, preventing corruption, To protect the procedural rights and interests of the interested parties, it is pointed out that the division of school districts is in urgent need of legal governance. The second part expounds that the power of school district division is hovering on the edge of the rule of law. First, the behavior nature of school district division is comprehensively defined. Secondly, the behavior of school district division is empirically analyzed from the aspects of subject and form of expression. To the school district division law norm basis and other normative basis carries on the inspection. The third part investigates and analyzes the entity principle embodied in the text of the school district division. Firstly, it investigates the entity principle of the school district division through the principles embodied in the seven cities' school district division documents collected by the author. According to the changes of the relevant school district division documents and the related newspapers and reports, the paper analyzes the entity principle problems existing in the school district division of the administrative organs. Thirdly, the problems and development direction of these substantive principles are analyzed. The 4th part analyzes the process of the school district division through the investigation of the text of the school district division. Firstly, it investigates the current primary and secondary school school district division procedure. Secondly, through the investigation of the school district division procedure, This paper analyzes the main problems of the current school district division procedure. Thirdly, it analyzes the problems existing in the process of the school district division of the educational administrative department, and on this basis, analyzes the ideas of the reform. Part 5th puts forward the idea of constructing the main legal system for the division of school districts. Firstly, it comprehensively expounds the path and thinking of the legalization of the division of school districts. Secondly, it determines the two principles of entity and procedure as the legal principles of the division of school districts. This paper clarifies that the administrative subject of the division of primary and secondary school districts in China is the administrative department of education, defines the power and responsibility of the administrative department of education, and puts forward the construction of due process of law for the division of school districts, including the process of division of school districts. Legal supervision and relief mechanism. In the conclusion part, the author points out that the basic reason for the disorder of school districts is the scarcity of high-quality educational resources and the irrational distribution of educational resources. Bringing the school district division into the track of rule of law can only guarantee the fairness and fairness of the division process to the maximum extent at the present stage, and cannot solve the problem fundamentally. Only the balanced development of compulsory education can really be realized. Only by expanding the coverage of high quality educational resources, can the problems existing in the process of school district division be solved fundamentally.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.16

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