本文關(guān)鍵詞： 保障性住房 經(jīng)濟應(yīng)用房 廉租房 公租房 公平分配　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著城市的發(fā)展,住宅也成為一個炙手可熱的話題。住房是人類生存的基本條件,是一個人的基本權(quán)利。面對著居高不下的房價,人人有住宅,是每一個家庭的夢想。在任何一個國家和地區(qū),除了高收入和部分中等收入家庭外,大部分的中低收入家庭主要依賴于政府的資助,來解決嚴(yán)峻的住房問題或改善其居住條件。 上世紀(jì)90年代,中國安居工程起步。為了滿足中低收入居民的住房需求,保障性住房應(yīng)運而生。在保障性住房發(fā)展的近二十年,經(jīng)濟適用房占有重要地位,在改善部分居民的居住條件、抑制房價方面發(fā)揮了巨大的作用,但是它有著不可避免的局限性。經(jīng)濟適用的數(shù)量難以滿足居民的需求,供求難以平衡；影響了社會資源的公平分配,不利于房地產(chǎn)市場健康發(fā)展；在分配中產(chǎn)生的權(quán)力尋租、國有資產(chǎn)的流失,政府投入與受益者的不匹配……這些問題都在制約著經(jīng)濟適用房的發(fā)展。為了提高保障性住房的覆蓋范圍,針對不同收入層次和群體的廉租房、公租房和限價商品房漸漸出現(xiàn),從不同的側(cè)面改善著居民的居住條件。保障性住房的出現(xiàn)具有深刻的社會背景和理論基礎(chǔ)。它是社會、經(jīng)濟和文化等多方面作用下的結(jié)果,也有來自公平分配理論、社會保障理論和住房過濾理論的依據(jù)。但是在青島市保障性住房的建設(shè)到分配的過程中,還存在許多的問題,造成這些問題的原因是多樣的,例如建設(shè)中的土地和財政問題,分配中的申請條件、政府的失責(zé),管理中的退出機制的不健全等。國內(nèi)外有著許多的成功的案例,可以為我們提供經(jīng)驗的借鑒。美國、日本、新加坡、德國和香港在保障性住房發(fā)面有著一些共同特征：立法的完善,金融體系的支持,土地的供給保障,多層次多渠道的住房形式。青島市可以在吸取前人的經(jīng)驗,結(jié)合自身的實際情況的基礎(chǔ)上,不斷的改進、完善保障性住房。 保障性住房的發(fā)展是一項關(guān)乎民生的大事,關(guān)系到居民的日常生活,是不可剝奪的一項權(quán)利。解決好居民的住宅問題或改善居住條件,是城市發(fā)展的題中之義,也是維護社會安定和諧的必要條件。針對城市流動人口多、區(qū)域發(fā)展不均衡等狀況,尋找適合于青島市的保障性住房政策,是擺在我們面前的一個緊迫問題。為了更好地發(fā)展青島市保障性住房,可以從外部宏觀環(huán)境入手,完善保障性住房的立法體系和金融體系,為保障性住房的發(fā)展提供制度保障；轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能,提高政府的責(zé)任感；同時加強外部的監(jiān)督力量,形成有效的制約機制。在具體的對策中,青島市應(yīng)該在保障性住房的政策目標(biāo)、建設(shè)水平、住房種類和公平分配等方面不斷完善,因地制宜、因時制宜,根據(jù)變化著的事情不斷的調(diào)整政策,規(guī)劃保障性住房的建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:With the development of the city, housing has become a hot topic. The housing is a basic condition of human existence, is one of the basic rights. In the face of high prices, everyone has the housing, is every family's dream. In any countries and regions, in addition to high income and some middle-income families most of the low-income families, mainly rely on government funding to solve the severe housing problem or improve their living conditions.
In 90s, China housing projects started. In order to meet the housing needs of low-income residents, affordable housing affordable housing development came into being. In the past twenty years, affordable housing occupies an important position, in part to improve the living conditions of residents, housing prices will play a huge role, but it has its limitations the number of affordable inevitable. It is difficult to meet the needs of residents, to balance the supply and demand; the influence of the fair distribution of social resources, is not conducive to the healthy development of the real estate market; power rent-seeking in distribution, the loss of state-owned assets, the government does not match the input and beneficiaries. These problems are restricting the development of affordable housing. In order to improve the protection of housing coverage, according to different income levels and groups of low rent housing, public rental housing and commercial housing prices began to appear, from different sides To improve the living conditions of residents. The emergence of affordable housing has social background and profound theoretical basis. It is the social, economic and cultural aspects of the result, but also from the fair distribution theory, on the basis of the theory of social security and housing filtering theory. But in the process of Qingdao city affordable housing construction the distribution, there are still many problems, the causes of these problems are various, such as land and financial problems in the construction and distribution of the application conditions, the government default and exit mechanism in the management is not perfect. At home and abroad there are many successful cases, can provide experience for us from the United States, Japan, Singapore, Germany and Hongkong have some common features in the affordable housing area: the improvement of legislation, financial support, land supply, multi channel forms of housing. On the basis of the experience of the predecessors and on the basis of their own actual conditions, Qingdao city can improve and perfect the affordable housing.
The development of affordable housing is an important livelihood, related to the daily life of the residents, is an inalienable rights. To solve the housing problems of the residents or improve the living conditions of city development, is the problem of justice, is a necessary condition for maintaining social stability and harmony. In view of the city floating population, regional development is not balanced in search of housing security policy for the city of Qingdao, is an urgent problem. In order to better the development of affordable housing in Qingdao City, starting from the external macro environment, perfecting the affordable housing legal system and financial system, provide an institutional guarantee for the development of affordable housing; the transformation of government functions, improve the government's sense of responsibility; at the same time to strengthen the supervision of external forces, the formation of effective restriction mechanism. The specific countermeasures in Qingdao city should be in the affordable housing policy The target, construction level, housing type and fair distribution of continuous improvement, according to local conditions, according to the time, adjust the policy of changing things constantly, planning the construction of affordable housing.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D632.1

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本文編號：1545012