【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是一個(gè)特殊的產(chǎn)業(yè),一方面它在整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮著基礎(chǔ)性作用,為人類生存發(fā)展提供日常生活所需的物質(zhì)資源,為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)其他部門提供物質(zhì)原料,是整個(gè)社會(huì)維持再生產(chǎn)和持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)資源；另一方面,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)也面臨著很多風(fēng)險(xiǎn),特別是自然災(zāi)害的發(fā)生,嚴(yán)重威脅著農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。面對(duì)多發(fā)的農(nóng)業(yè)自然災(zāi)害,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)者自身抵御能力有限的情況下,農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)作為一個(gè)化解農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的有效工具,其有效作用正日益體現(xiàn)。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)工作起步比較早,運(yùn)作體系也相對(duì)完善,不但在穩(wěn)定農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、保障農(nóng)民收入等方面發(fā)揮了很大作用,而且在增進(jìn)整個(gè)社會(huì)福利方面,也有非常好的效果。 我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)工作起步較晚,一個(gè)重要的原因是先期的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)政府支持不足。農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)自身的性質(zhì),決定了其必須是-種政策性保險(xiǎn),通過過去多年的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),完全商業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)的道路很難走通,政府提供財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼是其持續(xù)發(fā)展的必要條件。近年來(lái),農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼問題也得到社會(huì)的普遍關(guān)注,財(cái)政部門也在優(yōu)化補(bǔ)貼模式、提高資金效率等方便做了很多努力和嘗試,但至今尚未形成一套科學(xué)穩(wěn)定的補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制,國(guó)家也沒有出臺(tái)相關(guān)法律進(jìn)行保障。在這種背景下,財(cái)政如何對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼,探索出一個(gè)適合本地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼模式,對(duì)推動(dòng)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)和整個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展,有著重要意義。 本文首先闡述了農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)理論,界定了農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)和政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)概念,對(duì)其差異性進(jìn)行了比較。分析了農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)失靈的原因,從多個(gè)角度分析了政府財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的原因,為農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼提供理論依據(jù)。從不同領(lǐng)域闡述了政府對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)提供補(bǔ)貼的原理,對(duì)政府補(bǔ)貼農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的必要性進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)合我國(guó)多年來(lái)農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的開展情況,詳細(xì)介紹了蘇州市農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的實(shí)施情況,具體分析了取得的成效和存在的問題。文章還介紹了國(guó)外占主導(dǎo)地位的幾種農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼模式,對(duì)異類模式進(jìn)行了比較,總結(jié)了值得借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示。通過層次分析法計(jì)算模型,對(duì)優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼模式進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。在設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼模式的基礎(chǔ)上,文章重點(diǎn)分析了農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼模式優(yōu)化的運(yùn)行環(huán)境,提出有針對(duì)性的建議和對(duì)策。最后,對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并展望了我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼模式的發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is a special industry. On the one hand, it plays a basic role in the whole national economy, providing the material resources needed for human survival and development, and providing material raw materials for other departments of the national economy. It is the basic resource for the whole society to maintain reproduction and sustainable development. On the other hand, agricultural production is also facing many risks, especially the occurrence of natural disasters, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of agriculture. In the face of frequent agricultural natural disasters, agricultural insurance, as an effective tool to resolve agricultural risks, is increasingly reflected in the case of limited resilience of agricultural producers themselves. In developed countries, agricultural insurance work started relatively early and the operation system is relatively perfect. It has not only played a great role in stabilizing agricultural production and ensuring farmers' income, but also in promoting social welfare as a whole. It also has a very good effect. The agricultural insurance work in China started late, one of the important reasons is the lack of support from the agricultural insurance government. The nature of agricultural insurance itself determines that it must be a kind of policy insurance. Through the practical experience of many years in the past, the road of complete commercial operation is very difficult to get through, and the government to provide financial subsidies is a necessary condition for its sustainable development. In recent years, the financial subsidy of agricultural insurance has also been paid more and more attention by the society, and the financial department has also made a lot of efforts and attempts to optimize the subsidy model and improve the efficiency of funds, but so far, it has not yet formed a set of scientific and stable subsidy mechanism. The state has also not issued relevant laws to guarantee. In this context, how to subsidize agricultural insurance and explore a suitable financial subsidy model for agricultural insurance is of great significance to promote the healthy development of agricultural insurance and the whole agricultural industry in China. This paper first expounds the relevant theories of agricultural insurance and policy-oriented agricultural insurance, defines the related concepts of agricultural insurance and policy-oriented agricultural insurance, and compares their differences. This paper analyzes on the causes of the failure of the agricultural insurance market, and analyzes on the causes of the government's financial subsidy for the agricultural insurance from many angles, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the financial subsidy of the agricultural insurance. This paper expounds the principle of government subsidy to agricultural insurance from different fields, and analyzes on the necessity of government subsidy for agricultural insurance. Combined with the development of agricultural insurance in China for many years, this paper introduces in detail the implementation of agricultural insurance in Suzhou, and analyzes the achievements and existing problems in detail. This paper also introduces several kinds of agricultural insurance financial subsidy models which dominate abroad, compares the heterogeneous models, and sums up the experiences that are worth drawing lessons from and the enlightenment to our country. Through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) calculation model, the optimization of agricultural insurance financial subsidy model is designed. On the basis of designing and optimizing the financial subsidy mode of agricultural insurance, this paper focuses on the analysis of the operating environment of the optimized mode of agricultural insurance financial subsidy, and puts forward some targeted suggestions and countermeasures. Finally, the full text is summarized, and the development direction of agricultural insurance financial subsidy model in China is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F842.66

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