【摘要】：農業(yè)是一個特殊的產業(yè),一方面它在整個國民經濟中發(fā)揮著基礎性作用,為人類生存發(fā)展提供日常生活所需的物質資源,為國民經濟其他部門提供物質原料,是整個社會維持再生產和持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎資源；另一方面,農業(yè)生產也面臨著很多風險,特別是自然災害的發(fā)生,嚴重威脅著農業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。面對多發(fā)的農業(yè)自然災害,在農業(yè)生產者自身抵御能力有限的情況下,農業(yè)保險作為一個化解農業(yè)風險的有效工具,其有效作用正日益體現。在發(fā)達國家,農業(yè)保險工作起步比較早,運作體系也相對完善,不但在穩(wěn)定農業(yè)生產、保障農民收入等方面發(fā)揮了很大作用,而且在增進整個社會福利方面,也有非常好的效果。 我國的農業(yè)保險工作起步較晚,一個重要的原因是先期的農業(yè)保險政府支持不足。農業(yè)保險自身的性質,決定了其必須是-種政策性保險,通過過去多年的實踐經驗,完全商業(yè)化經營的道路很難走通,政府提供財政補貼是其持續(xù)發(fā)展的必要條件。近年來,農業(yè)保險的財政補貼問題也得到社會的普遍關注,財政部門也在優(yōu)化補貼模式、提高資金效率等方便做了很多努力和嘗試,但至今尚未形成一套科學穩(wěn)定的補貼機制,國家也沒有出臺相關法律進行保障。在這種背景下,財政如何對農業(yè)保險進行補貼,探索出一個適合本地區(qū)的農業(yè)保險財政補貼模式,對推動我國農業(yè)保險和整個農業(yè)產業(yè)的健康發(fā)展,有著重要意義。 本文首先闡述了農業(yè)保險、政策性農業(yè)保險的相關理論,界定了農業(yè)保險和政策性農業(yè)保險的相關概念,對其差異性進行了比較。分析了農業(yè)保險市場失靈的原因,從多個角度分析了政府財政補貼農業(yè)保險的原因,為農業(yè)保險的財政補貼提供理論依據。從不同領域闡述了政府對農業(yè)保險提供補貼的原理,對政府補貼農業(yè)保險的必要性進行了分析。結合我國多年來農業(yè)保險的開展情況,詳細介紹了蘇州市農業(yè)保險的實施情況,具體分析了取得的成效和存在的問題。文章還介紹了國外占主導地位的幾種農業(yè)保險財政補貼模式,對異類模式進行了比較,總結了值得借鑒的經驗和對我國的啟示。通過層次分析法計算模型,對優(yōu)化農業(yè)保險財政補貼模式進行了設計。在設計優(yōu)化農業(yè)保險財政補貼模式的基礎上,文章重點分析了農業(yè)保險財政補貼模式優(yōu)化的運行環(huán)境,提出有針對性的建議和對策。最后,對全文進行了總結,并展望了我國農業(yè)保險財政補貼模式的發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is a special industry. On the one hand, it plays a basic role in the whole national economy, providing the material resources needed for human survival and development, and providing material raw materials for other departments of the national economy. It is the basic resource for the whole society to maintain reproduction and sustainable development. On the other hand, agricultural production is also facing many risks, especially the occurrence of natural disasters, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of agriculture. In the face of frequent agricultural natural disasters, agricultural insurance, as an effective tool to resolve agricultural risks, is increasingly reflected in the case of limited resilience of agricultural producers themselves. In developed countries, agricultural insurance work started relatively early and the operation system is relatively perfect. It has not only played a great role in stabilizing agricultural production and ensuring farmers' income, but also in promoting social welfare as a whole. It also has a very good effect. The agricultural insurance work in China started late, one of the important reasons is the lack of support from the agricultural insurance government. The nature of agricultural insurance itself determines that it must be a kind of policy insurance. Through the practical experience of many years in the past, the road of complete commercial operation is very difficult to get through, and the government to provide financial subsidies is a necessary condition for its sustainable development. In recent years, the financial subsidy of agricultural insurance has also been paid more and more attention by the society, and the financial department has also made a lot of efforts and attempts to optimize the subsidy model and improve the efficiency of funds, but so far, it has not yet formed a set of scientific and stable subsidy mechanism. The state has also not issued relevant laws to guarantee. In this context, how to subsidize agricultural insurance and explore a suitable financial subsidy model for agricultural insurance is of great significance to promote the healthy development of agricultural insurance and the whole agricultural industry in China. This paper first expounds the relevant theories of agricultural insurance and policy-oriented agricultural insurance, defines the related concepts of agricultural insurance and policy-oriented agricultural insurance, and compares their differences. This paper analyzes on the causes of the failure of the agricultural insurance market, and analyzes on the causes of the government's financial subsidy for the agricultural insurance from many angles, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the financial subsidy of the agricultural insurance. This paper expounds the principle of government subsidy to agricultural insurance from different fields, and analyzes on the necessity of government subsidy for agricultural insurance. Combined with the development of agricultural insurance in China for many years, this paper introduces in detail the implementation of agricultural insurance in Suzhou, and analyzes the achievements and existing problems in detail. This paper also introduces several kinds of agricultural insurance financial subsidy models which dominate abroad, compares the heterogeneous models, and sums up the experiences that are worth drawing lessons from and the enlightenment to our country. Through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) calculation model, the optimization of agricultural insurance financial subsidy model is designed. On the basis of designing and optimizing the financial subsidy mode of agricultural insurance, this paper focuses on the analysis of the operating environment of the optimized mode of agricultural insurance financial subsidy, and puts forward some targeted suggestions and countermeasures. Finally, the full text is summarized, and the development direction of agricultural insurance financial subsidy model in China is prospected.
【學位授予單位】：西北農林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F842.66

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