【摘要】：中國(guó)的城市化建設(shè)是社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然產(chǎn)物，也是中國(guó)人民為之努力奮斗的發(fā)展目標(biāo)，已然成為當(dāng)今社會(huì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。人口老齡化是每個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步的必然發(fā)展階段，也是農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障面臨的最嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。隨著城市化進(jìn)程的加快和我國(guó)人口老齡化的加劇，養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)亟待解決的重要問(wèn)題。黑龍江省是我國(guó)城市化水平較高的省份之一，城市化的迅速擴(kuò)大，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民擁有的土地面積銳減，從而使農(nóng)民失去了養(yǎng)老的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。國(guó)家發(fā)放的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償金和安置補(bǔ)償費(fèi)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足以抵消農(nóng)民失去土地的損失。依照聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)人口老齡化的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，黑龍江省早在2005年已進(jìn)入人口老齡化階段。作為解決農(nóng)村居民養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題的重要途徑之一，完善農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)已成為黑龍江省面臨的重要課題。 論文首先回顧了黑龍江省農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的發(fā)展歷程，并對(duì)其社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行總結(jié)和歸納。當(dāng)前黑龍江省農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展主要存在以下問(wèn)題：一是社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的覆蓋面狹窄；二是保險(xiǎn)資金籌集困難；三是繳費(fèi)給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)；四是社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)保障水平低；五是農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的管理水平低；六是城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)保障的投入差別過(guò)大。 其次，闡述了國(guó)內(nèi)外養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展情況，與國(guó)內(nèi)外較好的發(fā)展模式進(jìn)行比較分析，，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)的北京大興區(qū)模式、煙臺(tái)模式和蘇州模式進(jìn)行了闡述，對(duì)國(guó)外的美國(guó)、德國(guó)和日本的社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)模式進(jìn)行了闡述和總結(jié)，對(duì)他們的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)給予借鑒。 最后，針對(duì)黑龍江省農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的實(shí)際情況，在借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外其他養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)模式經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了促進(jìn)黑龍江省農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展的對(duì)策建議。論文可以為相關(guān)部門(mén)提供一定的政策參考，對(duì)于今后黑龍江農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義，另外可以為完善農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保障制度的理論體系、建立城鄉(xiāng)一體化的社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保障制度提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The construction of urbanization in China is the inevitable outcome of social development and the development goal for which the Chinese people strive. It has become a trend of social development. Population aging is the inevitable development stage of each country's economic development and social progress, and it is also the most severe challenge that rural old-age security faces. With the acceleration of urbanization and the aggravation of the aging population, the pension problem has become an important problem to be solved. Heilongjiang Province is one of the provinces with a high level of urbanization. The rapid expansion of urbanization has led to a sharp decrease in the land area owned by farmers, thus making them lose the material foundation for the aged. State pension compensation and resettlement compensation are far from enough to offset farmers' loss of land. According to the United Nations standard of population aging, Heilongjiang Province has entered the stage of population aging as early as 2005. As one of the important ways to solve the problem of rural residents' old-age pension, perfecting rural social old-age insurance has become an important subject in Heilongjiang Province. Firstly, the paper reviews the development course of the rural social endowment insurance system in Heilongjiang province, and summarizes the current situation and existing problems of the social endowment insurance system in Heilongjiang Province. At present, the main problems in the development of rural social endowment insurance in Heilongjiang Province are as follows: first, narrow coverage of social endowment insurance; second, difficulty in raising insurance funds; third, the burden of payment to farmers; fourth, low level of social old-age insurance; Fifth, the rural social endowment insurance management level is low, sixth, the urban and rural social security investment difference is too big. Secondly, it expounds the development of endowment insurance at home and abroad, compares and analyzes the better development model at home and abroad, expounds the domestic pattern of Daxing District in Beijing, Yantai and Suzhou, and the United States abroad. The model of social endowment insurance in Germany and Japan is expounded and summarized, and their advanced experience is used for reference. Finally, according to the actual situation of rural social endowment insurance in Heilongjiang province, based on the experience of other pension insurance modes at home and abroad, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of rural social endowment insurance in Heilongjiang province. The paper can provide some policy reference for the relevant departments, have certain practical guiding significance for the future development of Heilongjiang rural old-age insurance, in addition, it can perfect the theoretical system of the rural social old-age security system. The establishment of urban and rural integration of social old-age security system to provide theoretical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F323.89;F842.67

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