本文選題：醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn) + 公平性��； 參考：《山東理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)炙手可熱的話題，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷進(jìn)步，我國(guó)的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)不但在內(nèi)容上得到了極大的豐富，并且在程度上也有了深度的發(fā)展，但是其存在的問題也是顯而易見的，尤其是在公平公正方面。醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)是否公平公正這個(gè)問題在我國(guó)的相關(guān)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度誕生時(shí)就隨之產(chǎn)生了，，并且沒有得到切實(shí)的解決而延續(xù)到今天。 我們先要明確公平的含義，公平由平等和公正組成，兩者相輔相成缺一不可。當(dāng)我們探討社會(huì)保障的公平性時(shí)則要遵循：平等性、福利性以及差異性三個(gè)準(zhǔn)則。而醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)又是社會(huì)保障體系中至關(guān)重要的一節(jié)，細(xì)細(xì)分來有以下幾個(gè)方面需要注意。第一：醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)機(jī)會(huì)的公平性。第二：醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)籌資的公平性。第三：醫(yī)療資源配置的公平性。第四：社會(huì)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)分配的公平性。 不同的國(guó)家有著不同的醫(yī)療保障模式，普惠性醫(yī)療保障是當(dāng)今社會(huì)一種在公平性方面有著很好表現(xiàn)的醫(yī)療保障體系，它的代表國(guó)家是英國(guó)和澳大利亞。不難看出普惠性醫(yī)療保障的前提是國(guó)家良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平。而如今更常見的則是采用社會(huì)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。而社會(huì)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)不僅僅受到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的制約，其制度自身就有不完善的地方，這也就引出了社會(huì)醫(yī)療救助存在的必要性。 隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的騰飛，我國(guó)的社會(huì)保障水平也在不斷的提高，醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)這方面尤為顯著。但是公平性問題卻日益突出，戶口地屬于城鎮(zhèn)的公民有比較完善的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度來確保自身的健康，而相比來說農(nóng)村就差遠(yuǎn)了。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一局面，新農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這也是對(duì)于在城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)下醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)公平性缺失這一頑癥的良藥。 通過對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)分析，我國(guó)在醫(yī)療保障公平性上還是存在著很多問題的，首先是籌資不公，其次是醫(yī)療服務(wù)利用不公，最后則是制度外的原因。 有問題就要有對(duì)策。首先必須完善城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度的管理運(yùn)行模式。其次完善現(xiàn)有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的籌資機(jī)制。再次發(fā)揮政府和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)在公平性中的作用。最后要把以人為本的思想貫徹落實(shí)到醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展中。
[Abstract]:In recent years, medical insurance has become a hot topic. With the development of economy, the medical insurance of our country has not only been greatly enriched in content, but also developed in depth. But its existence problem is also obvious, especially in the aspect of fairness and justice. The question of whether the medical insurance is fair and just has arisen since the birth of the related medical insurance system in our country, and has not been solved to this day. We must first clarify the meaning of fairness, which consists of equality and justice, which complement each other. When we discuss the fairness of social security, we should follow three criteria: equality, welfare and difference. Health insurance is also a vital section of the social security system, with the following aspects to be noted. First: the fairness of health insurance opportunity. Second: the fairness of health insurance financing. Third: the fairness of medical resources allocation. Fourth: the fairness of social medical insurance distribution. Different countries have different modes of medical security. Inclusive medical security is a kind of medical security system which has a good performance in fairness in today's society. Its representative countries are Britain and Australia. It is not difficult to see that the premise of inclusive health care is a good level of economic development. Now it is more common to use social health insurance. The social medical insurance is not only restricted by economic development, but also its system itself is imperfect, which leads to the necessity of the existence of social medical assistance. With the rapid development of China's economy, the level of social security is improving, especially in medical insurance. But the issue of fairness is becoming more and more prominent. Citizens who belong to cities and towns have a relatively perfect medical insurance system to ensure their own health, but compared with the rural areas, it is far from good. In order to deal with this situation, the new rural cooperative medical insurance system came into being. This is also a cure for the lack of equity in health insurance under the dual structure of urban and rural areas. By analyzing the existing data of medical insurance in our country, there are still many problems in the fairness of medical security in our country. Firstly, financing is unfair, secondly, the utilization of medical services is unfair, and finally, the reasons are out of the system. If there is a problem, there must be countermeasures. First of all, we must improve the management and operation mode of urban and rural medical insurance system. Secondly, improve the existing funding mechanism of medical insurance. The role of government and medical institutions in fairness should be brought into play again. Finally, we should carry out the idea of people-oriented to the development of medical insurance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F842.684;R197.1

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