本文選題：水質(zhì)　切入點(diǎn)：水量　出處：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水資源短缺制約著我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,水價則是水資源需求側(cè)管理的重要政策工具,而傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)僅是從水量出發(fā),輕視甚至忽略水質(zhì),這造成了水資源的極大浪費(fèi)。因而研究水質(zhì)和水量相結(jié)合的水價問題具有重要意義。在研究已有文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,本文對水價的構(gòu)成要素、定價機(jī)制以及定價方法作了總結(jié)、分析與展望。首先,本文基于公共物品理論、自然資本理論以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論,對水價相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行研究。其次,本文梳理了水價的發(fā)展歷程,分析研究了我國水價的現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題,從水價的構(gòu)成出發(fā),指出水價構(gòu)成的缺陷以及改進(jìn)的方向,分析了我國全成本定價模型的不足,然后基于綜合考慮自然因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素和社會因素對水資源價值的影響,充分考慮水質(zhì)變化、水資源豐缺變化和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展要求等因素對水價問題的影響,建立一個市場化、動態(tài)化的統(tǒng)籌水質(zhì)和水量的目標(biāo)水價定價模型,并將該模型實(shí)際運(yùn)用到測算居民生活用水水價。最后,在一系列理論分析和案例研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,提出了統(tǒng)籌水質(zhì)水量水價的對策建議,以期為水價的制定指明方向。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要有:第一,在以水量的定價模型的基礎(chǔ)上,考慮了水質(zhì)因素,構(gòu)建了水質(zhì)水量相結(jié)合的水價模型,即:此模型具有普適性,不僅可以測算居民生活用水水價,也適用于農(nóng)業(yè)以及工業(yè)水價的測算。第二,本研究基于統(tǒng)籌水量和水質(zhì)的水價模型基礎(chǔ)之上,以杭州市居民生活用水為例做了測算,結(jié)果表明:居民用水水價應(yīng)區(qū)分水質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣,按照不同的水量和不同的水質(zhì)作為階梯標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不僅滿足居民對水資源的需求,也實(shí)現(xiàn)對水質(zhì)需求的效用最大化,并得出“優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)價,劣質(zhì)低價”的結(jié)論。第三,基于統(tǒng)籌水質(zhì)水量的定價分析,提出以下政策建議:(1)優(yōu)化水價構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)。在全成本水價的基礎(chǔ)上,統(tǒng)籌水質(zhì)水量有利于緩解水源性缺水和水質(zhì)性缺水,明晰水價內(nèi)部不合理的水價構(gòu)成,指明各部分水價調(diào)控的方向;(2)統(tǒng)籌水質(zhì)水量水價。鑒于我國水資源的稀缺性,制定水價要把水量放在首位,根據(jù)水資源的豐缺程度制定不同的水價,但不能單單只考慮水量,更要立足于用戶的角度,根據(jù)不同行業(yè)對水質(zhì)的需求,不僅要因地制宜,也要因“質(zhì)”制宜;(3)科學(xué)確定水價高低�；谒畠r內(nèi)部構(gòu)成的視角,指明了資源水價、工程水價、污水治理成本以及水生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償價格的科學(xué)定價方向;(4)完善水價形成機(jī)制。分別從政府、市場以及公眾的視角完善了水價形成機(jī)制的形成機(jī)理;(5)健全水價法律制度。在國家層面上,應(yīng)盡快通過立法的程序?qū)⑺畠r構(gòu)成法律化、制度化,細(xì)化水價相關(guān)法律法規(guī),切實(shí)解決好推行細(xì)化水價制度所面臨的法律法規(guī)缺失的問題。
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources restricts the economic development of our country. Water price is an important policy tool for water resources demand side management, but traditional economics only starts from water quantity, despises or even neglects water quality, which results in a great waste of water resources.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the water price problem combining water quality and quantity.Based on the existing literature, this paper summarizes, analyzes and looks forward to the constituent elements, pricing mechanism and pricing methods of water price.Firstly, based on the public goods theory, natural capital theory and sustainable development theory, this paper studies the water price related literature.Secondly, this paper combs the development course of water price, analyzes the current situation and existing problems of water price in our country, points out the defects of water price composition and the direction of improvement, and analyzes the deficiency of China's total cost pricing model.Then, based on the comprehensive consideration of the influence of natural factors, economic factors and social factors on the value of water resources, and fully considering the effects of water quality changes, changes in water resources abundance and shortage, and industrial development requirements on water prices, a market-oriented approach is established.The target water price pricing model of water quality and quantity is dynamically integrated, and the model is applied to the calculation of water price of domestic water.Finally, on the basis of a series of theoretical analysis and case studies, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the overall planning of water price of water quality and quantity, in order to point out the direction for the formulation of water price.The innovations of this paper are as follows: first, on the basis of the pricing model of water quantity, considering the water quality factors, the water price model combined with water quality and quantity is constructed, that is, this model is universal and can not only calculate the water price of domestic water.It also applies to the calculation of water price in agriculture and industry.Secondly, based on the water price model of overall water quantity and water quality, the author takes Hangzhou residents' domestic water use as an example to calculate the water price. The results show that the water price of residents should be distinguished between the quality of water and the quality of water.According to different quantity of water and different quality of water as ladder standard, not only meets the residents' demand for water resources, but also maximizes the utility of the demand for water quality, and draws the conclusion that "high quality and good price, inferior quality and low price".Thirdly, based on the pricing analysis of water quality and quantity, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: 1) optimizing the structure of water price.On the basis of the full cost water price, coordinating the water quality and quantity is helpful to alleviate the water shortage and water quality shortage, to make clear the unreasonable water price composition within the water price, and to point out the direction of water price regulation and control in each part (2) to coordinate the water price of water quality and quantity.In view of the scarcity of water resources in our country, water prices should be determined in the first place, and different water prices should be made according to the abundance and shortage of water resources. However, we should not only consider the quantity of water, but also base ourselves on the perspective of the users.According to the demand for water quality in different industries, water price should be determined scientifically not only according to local conditions, but also because of "quality".Based on the perspective of internal composition of water price, the paper points out the scientific pricing direction of resource water price, engineering water price, sewage treatment cost and water ecological protection compensation price.The formation mechanism of water price formation mechanism is improved from the perspective of government, market and public.At the national level, it is necessary to legalize and institutionalize the water price structure through the legislative procedure, to refine the relevant laws and regulations of water price, and to effectively solve the problem of the lack of laws and regulations faced by the implementation of the water price refinement system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F299.24

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