發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-17 00:10

【摘要】：近年來,我國高度重視職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展,不斷為職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展注入高能量。職業(yè)教育為我國鑄造更多的“大國工匠”,能夠推動(dòng)勞動(dòng)者自身的可持續(xù)職業(yè)發(fā)展,并不斷培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的技術(shù)技能人才。隨之,對從事職業(yè)教育的教師的自身專業(yè)能力的要求也在不斷提升。教師的技術(shù)技能水平直接影響著學(xué)習(xí)技能者的學(xué)習(xí)效果。促進(jìn)職業(yè)教育教師的專業(yè)發(fā)展,刻不容緩,勢在必得。而對教師的課堂進(jìn)行觀察是幫助教師提升自身專業(yè)能力的有效途徑。通過認(rèn)識自我、反思自我、完善自我的良性循環(huán),不斷提升教師的專業(yè)能力。職業(yè)教育的主打課程就是實(shí)訓(xùn)類課程,強(qiáng)調(diào)做中學(xué)。所以,本研究從構(gòu)建實(shí)訓(xùn)類課程的模型、實(shí)訓(xùn)類課程教學(xué)觀察模型入手,設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)適用于實(shí)訓(xùn)類課程的一套教學(xué)觀察方案,幫助從事職業(yè)教育的教師提升技術(shù)技能培養(yǎng)訓(xùn)練能力。本研究主要采用基于設(shè)計(jì)的研究方法,通過文獻(xiàn)和訪談?wù){(diào)研的方法獲得實(shí)訓(xùn)類課程發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,再結(jié)合課程的結(jié)構(gòu)來設(shè)計(jì)觀察模型,從而展開整體研究。對實(shí)訓(xùn)類課程的要素進(jìn)行解析,包括實(shí)訓(xùn)角色、實(shí)訓(xùn)過程、實(shí)訓(xùn)目標(biāo),并依據(jù)三要素構(gòu)建了實(shí)訓(xùn)課的教學(xué)模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合訪談結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù),繼續(xù)構(gòu)建實(shí)訓(xùn)類課程的教學(xué)觀察模型,確定教學(xué)觀察員的角色定位及觀察流程。進(jìn)一步分析后,確定實(shí)訓(xùn)類課程教學(xué)觀察的核心維度為教師示范、安全操作、問題解決和理實(shí)結(jié)合。每個(gè)維度進(jìn)行二級、三級維度細(xì)化后,可得具體的實(shí)訓(xùn)行為觀察點(diǎn)。利用觀察點(diǎn)的特性和實(shí)訓(xùn)課堂結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)出了多個(gè)實(shí)訓(xùn)教學(xué)觀察使用量表,包括實(shí)訓(xùn)課教學(xué)觀察預(yù)案量表、實(shí)訓(xùn)課教學(xué)觀察基礎(chǔ)量表、小組合作量表。最后,使用量表對汽車實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)訓(xùn)中心的職業(yè)技能訓(xùn)練(高級)課程進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場觀察。通過對觀察采集的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析與解讀,證明了該量表的實(shí)用性。該課例的數(shù)據(jù)分析報(bào)告,重現(xiàn)了實(shí)訓(xùn)場的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),為數(shù)據(jù)分析的信度提供了保障。此量表的編制,為實(shí)訓(xùn)類課程的教學(xué)觀察提供記錄工具,幫助從事職業(yè)教育的教師穩(wěn)步提升技術(shù)技能培養(yǎng)等專業(yè)發(fā)展能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country attaches great importance to the development of vocational education and continuously injects high energy into the development of vocational education. Vocational education can create more craftsmen for our country, which can promote the sustainable professional development of the workers themselves, and constantly cultivate high-quality technical and technical talents. With this, teachers engaged in vocational education their own professional ability is also constantly improving. The technical skill level of the teacher directly affects the learning effect of the learner. Promote the professional development of vocational education teachers, without delay, the momentum in the inevitable. Observation of teachers' classroom is an effective way to help teachers improve their professional ability. Through self-understanding, self-reflection, self-improvement of the virtuous circle, constantly improve the professional ability of teachers. The main course of vocational education is the practical course, which emphasizes doing middle learning. Therefore, this research starts with the construction of the model of the practical training course and the teaching observation model of the practical training course, and designs and develops a set of teaching observation scheme suitable for the practical training course. Help teachers engaged in vocational education to develop their technical skills and training ability. This research mainly adopts the research method based on design, obtains the development status of the practical training curriculum through the methods of literature and interview investigation, and then designs the observation model combining the structure of the course, so as to carry out the whole research. This paper analyzes the elements of practical training courses, including the role of practice, the process of practice, and the goal of practice, and constructs the teaching model of practical courses according to the three elements. On this basis, combining the data of interview results, we continue to construct the teaching observation model of practical training courses, and determine the role orientation and observation flow of teaching observers. After further analysis, it is determined that the core dimensions of teaching observation of practical training courses are teacher demonstration, safe operation, problem solving and combination of theory and practice. After each dimension is refined into two and three dimensions, a specific observation point of practice behavior can be obtained. Based on the characteristics of observation points and the structure of training class, the author designs several scales of observation and use of practical teaching, including the scale of observation plan of practical course, the scale of basic observation of practical teaching, and the scale of group cooperation. Finally, the field observation of vocational skill training (advanced) course of automobile experiment training center was carried out by using the scale. Through the detailed analysis and interpretation of the data collected by observation, the practicability of the scale is proved. The data analysis report of the class example reproduces the key link of the training field and provides a guarantee for the reliability of the data analysis. The development of the scale provides a recording tool for the teaching observation of practical training courses, and helps teachers engaged in vocational education to steadily enhance their technical skills and other professional development abilities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津職業(yè)技術(shù)師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G712

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