本文選題：中等職業(yè)教育　切入點：教育投入　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國經(jīng)濟不斷發(fā)展,教育所承載的含義不斷擴大,人民群眾要求享有公平的接受教育的機會,同時還有更深層次的要求。我國大力普及義務(wù)教育,努力提高高等教育水平,但長期以來對中等教育,特別是中等職業(yè)教育的關(guān)注度始終不足。中等職業(yè)教育從國家的層面來說,能為我國培養(yǎng)一線的技術(shù)工人,提高勞動生產(chǎn)率以及促進經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展；從企業(yè)的層面來說,招聘經(jīng)過中等職業(yè)教育訓(xùn)練的畢業(yè)生,可以有效的減少企業(yè)對工人的培訓(xùn),降低成本,提高經(jīng)濟效益；對學(xué)生個人及家庭來說,接受了中等職業(yè)教育過程中可以培養(yǎng)自身技能,增加的個人和家庭的收入,塑造人格,實現(xiàn)自我價值。然而,我國目前的現(xiàn)狀是國家大力發(fā)展義務(wù)教育和高等教育,中等教育鮮有關(guān)注,而在眾多類型的中等教育中,普通高中一般被看作是連接初等教育和高等教育的橋梁而備受學(xué)生及學(xué)生家長追捧,中等職業(yè)教育,包括中專、技校、職業(yè)高中等都被看作是成績不好的學(xué)生“分流”的地方,普遍被認(rèn)為學(xué)生素質(zhì)較低,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生及家長寧可交高額的贊助費進高中,也不愿意讓學(xué)生接受中等職業(yè)教育。吸引不到好的足量的生源,也就吸引不到優(yōu)秀的師資,導(dǎo)致我國中等職業(yè)教育不平衡的發(fā)展,造成我國現(xiàn)在大學(xué)畢業(yè)生數(shù)量龐大,求職困難,然而技術(shù)工人卻十分稀缺的現(xiàn)狀。 近幾年來,黨和政府越來越關(guān)注和重視我國中等職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展。2nn5年,我國政府在《國務(wù)院關(guān)于大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育的決定》(國發(fā)[2005]35號)中提出了“大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育,加快人力資源開發(fā),是落實科教興國戰(zhàn)略和人才強國戰(zhàn)略,推進我國走新型工業(yè)化道路、解決‘三農(nóng)’問題、促進再就業(yè)的重大舉措；是全面提高國民素質(zhì),把我國巨大人口壓力轉(zhuǎn)化為人力資源優(yōu)勢,提升我國綜合國力、構(gòu)建和諧社會重要途徑；是貫徹黨的教育方針,遵循教育規(guī)律,實現(xiàn)教育事業(yè)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然要求。”根據(jù)我國的國情,以及教育成本分擔(dān)理論、教育對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的促進作用等可以發(fā)現(xiàn),中等職業(yè)教育的經(jīng)費投入主體依然應(yīng)該是政府投入。1998-2009年統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,我國對中等職業(yè)教育投入的數(shù)額逐年增加,但是橫向比較,對中職教育投入占總投入的比例較基礎(chǔ)教育和高等教育卻不斷下降,波動變化。雖然對中等職業(yè)教育的經(jīng)費投入依然是不足的,但是根據(jù)我國的現(xiàn)狀,想要在短時間內(nèi)大規(guī)模提高對中職教育的投入是不現(xiàn)實的,因此在有限的投資規(guī)模下,如何提高投入和支出的效率,用同樣的經(jīng)費培養(yǎng)更多符合社會及企業(yè)要求的學(xué)生,優(yōu)化資源配置,實現(xiàn)全國東、中、西部地區(qū)平衡發(fā)展是我們需要研究的重要課題。本文也將嘗試使用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析方法(DEA Data Envelopment Analysis)計算我國東、中、西部中等職業(yè)教育投入、支出已經(jīng)生均支出的效率,并給出政策建議。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of our economy, the meaning of education is constantly expanding, and the masses of the people demand a fair opportunity to receive education. At the same time, there are still deeper demands. Our country vigorously popularizes compulsory education and strives to improve the level of higher education. But for a long time the attention to the secondary education, especially the secondary vocational education, has always been insufficient. From the national level, the secondary vocational education can train the technical workers in the front line for our country, improve the labor productivity and promote the development of the economy. From the enterprise level, recruiting graduates with secondary vocational education and training can effectively reduce the training of workers, reduce costs and increase economic benefits. In the process of receiving secondary vocational education, one can cultivate one's own skills, increase the income of individuals and families, mold personality and realize self-worth. However, the present situation of our country is to vigorously develop compulsory education and higher education. There is little concern about secondary education, and among the many types of secondary education, ordinary high schools are generally regarded as a bridge between primary and higher education and are sought after by students and their parents. Vocational high schools and other places are regarded as "diversion" of students with poor grades, and are generally considered to be of low quality, leading students and parents to pay high sponsorship fees to go to high schools. They are also unwilling to let students receive secondary vocational education. If they do not attract a good enough number of students, they will not attract excellent teachers. This will lead to the unbalanced development of secondary vocational education in our country, resulting in a large number of university graduates in our country now. Job hunting is difficult, but skilled workers are scarce. In recent years, the Party and the government have paid more and more attention to the development of secondary vocational education in China for 5 years. In the decision of the State Council on vigorously developing Vocational Education (Guofa [2005] 35), our government put forward "vigorously developing vocational education." Speeding up the development of human resources is a major measure to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country by talents, to promote our country to take a new road of industrialization, to solve the problem of "three rural areas," and to promote re-employment, and to comprehensively improve the quality of the people. It is an important way to transform the huge population pressure of our country into the superiority of human resources, to enhance our comprehensive national strength, to build a harmonious society, to carry out the educational policy of the Party, and to follow the educational laws. The inevitable requirement for the overall coordinated and sustainable development of education. "according to the national conditions of our country and the theory of sharing the cost of education, we can find that the role of education in promoting economic development can be found. The main body of investment in secondary vocational education should still be the government input. The statistical data from 1998 to 2009 show that the amount of investment in secondary vocational education in China is increasing year by year, but compared horizontally, Compared with basic education and higher education, the proportion of investment in secondary vocational education is declining and fluctuating. Although the investment in secondary vocational education is still insufficient, but according to the current situation of our country, It is not realistic to increase the investment in secondary vocational education in a short period of time, so how to improve the efficiency of investment and expenditure under the limited investment scale, and to train more students who meet the requirements of society and enterprises with the same funds. Optimizing resource allocation and achieving balanced development in the east, middle and west regions of the country is an important subject that we need to study. This paper will also try to use the method of DEA Data Envelopment Analysis to calculate the input of secondary vocational education in the east, middle and west of China. The efficiency of spending per student has been increased, and policy recommendations are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G717

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