發(fā)布時間：2018-06-28 22:46

  本文選題：學前兒童 + 圖畫書閱讀��； 參考：《華東師范大學》2009年博士論文

【摘要】： 利用眼動觀測法對學前兒童展開閱讀研究是本世紀以來在閱讀研究領域開辟的一個新的視角。而對于學前教育領域而言,眼動觀測法的使用則是開創(chuàng)性的。以往對于兒童閱讀發(fā)展的研究,獲得了大量的研究結果。但是有關漢語兒童閱讀發(fā)展階段的問題,至目前鮮有研究涉及。從學前兒童語言發(fā)展的角度而言,利用眼動儀這種可以記錄“所看到的”儀器對學前兒童的閱讀進行研究可以更加客觀地展現(xiàn)學前兒童閱讀能力發(fā)展的真實情況。 本研究的目的在于通過眼動觀測的研究方法,探討漢語學前兒童閱讀的發(fā)展階段。從漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀的眼動基本狀況、漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀的視線集散狀態(tài)、漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀的視覺閱讀模式和漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀的視覺關鍵信息四個方面,對3歲、4歲、5歲和6歲四個年齡段共計162名以漢語普通話為母語的學前兒童的圖畫書閱讀情況進行研究,分析兒童圖畫書閱讀中的眼動軌跡,揭示漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀的發(fā)展過程。 漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀的眼動基本狀況研究的結果揭示,兒童對于圖畫書閱讀表現(xiàn)出濃厚的興趣和較高的關注程度;并且隨著年齡增長,兒童對圖畫書閱讀的興趣程度和關注程度隨之越來越高。具體表現(xiàn)在:漢語兒童閱讀圖畫書時的注視點個數(shù)和注視時間長度都有隨著兒童年齡增長而遞增的發(fā)展趨勢。兒童閱讀圖畫書時的單個注視點的平均注視時間長度為400毫秒,大年齡兒童的單個注視點注視時間長度短于小年齡兒童,顯示出大年齡組兒童在提取圖畫書信息能力方面要高于小年齡組兒童。另外,兒童閱讀圖畫書的眼動注視點個數(shù)呈正態(tài)分布,注視時間長度呈正偏態(tài)分布。 漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀的視線集散狀態(tài)的研究是通過對兒童圖畫書閱讀時眼動注視點分布狀態(tài)的考察來探討兒童閱讀的特點。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀的眼動軌跡表現(xiàn)出視線集中的特征,只是不同年齡兒童視線集中程度不同。這反映出兒童在圖畫書閱讀中對信息捕捉的能力隨著年齡增長而發(fā)展的趨勢。而對吸引兒童視線集中的區(qū)域的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),只有承載了豐富信息的區(qū)域才會吸引兒童閱讀中的關注,兒童對這些區(qū)域的關注具有圖畫優(yōu)先文字;新信息優(yōu)先舊信息;中心位置信息優(yōu)先邊緣位置信息;大面積信息優(yōu)先小面積信息;色彩鮮艷信息優(yōu)先色彩暗淡信息的視覺特征。 漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀的視覺閱讀模式是對兒童閱讀時視線集散特征的深入探討,即以兒童閱讀圖畫書時視線對圖畫書的核心構成要素“圖畫”和“文字”的不同注視情況為切入點,研究兒童的視覺閱讀模式。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),各年齡組漢語兒童閱讀圖畫書時,都主要注視圖畫區(qū)域,極少關注文字。同時,對文字區(qū)域的關注表現(xiàn)出隨著年齡增長而增長的發(fā)展趨勢。兒童圖畫書的視覺閱讀模式有僅僅閱讀圖畫的單一式視覺閱讀模式和既閱讀圖畫也閱讀文字的聯(lián)合式視覺閱讀模式兩種,并且單一式視覺模式隨兒童年齡增長而遞減,聯(lián)合式視覺模式隨兒童年齡增長而遞增。兒童閱讀眼動視線集散程度上表現(xiàn)出從分散到集中的年齡發(fā)展特征。 對漢語兒童圖畫書閱讀中視覺關鍵信息的考察研究了不同年齡段兒童圖畫書閱讀質量的情況。研究結果表明:兒童年齡越大,在各圖頁閱讀時注視到的視覺關鍵信息數(shù)量越多;而在視覺關鍵信息區(qū)域的平均注視時間長度和注視點個數(shù)有隨著兒童年齡增長而遞增的趨勢,這些都揭示了兒童圖畫書閱讀理解能力隨著兒童年齡增長而提高。而4歲組兒童對視覺關鍵信息數(shù)量的把握程度顯著優(yōu)于3歲組兒童,顯示出4歲是兒童讀圖能力大發(fā)展的一個時期。單一式視覺閱讀模式的兒童對圖畫的觀察和故事理解優(yōu)于聯(lián)合式視覺閱讀模式的兒童。 在四項研究的基礎之上獲得漢語兒童閱讀發(fā)展階段模式,即從圖畫閱讀到圖文同時閱讀;圖文閱讀中第一層次為類似圖畫閱讀,第二層次為文字區(qū)域有無回視出現(xiàn),又分為無回視和有回視兩種。有回視中第一層次為無文圖對應,第二層次為有文圖對應。而眼動視線則表現(xiàn)出從分散到集中再到擴展的發(fā)展特征。
[Abstract]:The use of eye movement observation method for preschool children's reading research is a new perspective in the field of reading research since this century. For the field of preschool education, the use of eye movement observation method is pioneering. The previous study on the development of children's reading has obtained a large amount of research results. From the point of view of the language development of preschool children, the study of the reading of preschool children by using the instrument of eye movement, which can be recorded by the instrument, can more objectively show the real situation of the development of preschool children's reading ability.
The purpose of this study is to explore the development stage of reading of Chinese preschool children through the method of eye movement observation. The basic situation of eye movement reading from Chinese children's picture books, the line of sight line in Chinese children's picture book reading, the visual reading mode of Chinese children's picture book reading and the visual key of Chinese children's picture book reading In four aspects of information, a picture book reading of 162 preschoolers with Chinese Mandarin as a mother tongue of 3, 4, 5 and 6 years old is studied. The eye movement track in the reading of children's picture books is analyzed, and the development process of Chinese children's picture book reading is revealed.
The result of the study of the basic eye movement of Chinese children's picture book reading reveals that children have a strong interest and a high degree of attention to the reading of picture books. And with the increase of age, the children's interest and attention to the reading of picture books is becoming higher and higher. The number of points and the length of fixation increase gradually with the growth of children's age. The average fixation time of the single fixation point in children's reading picture book is 400 milliseconds. The length of the single fixation time of the children is shorter than that of the children of the younger age. It shows that the age group is able to extract the information ability of the picture book. In addition, the number of gaze fixation points in children's picture books was normal, and the length of fixation time was positively skewed.
The study of the line of sight distribution of Chinese children's picture book reading is to explore the characteristics of children's reading through the investigation of the distribution of eye movements in children's picture books. It is found that the eye movement track of Chinese children's picture book reading shows the characteristics of the focus of sight, which is only the different degree of concentration of sight in children of different ages. It reflects the trend of children's ability to capture information in picture book reading with age. Research on areas that attract children's attention has found that only areas with rich information will attract attention in children's reading, and children's attention to these areas has a picture priority; new information is given priority. Information; center location information priority edge location information; large area information priority small area information; colorful information priority color darkly information visual characteristics.
The visual reading mode of Chinese children's picture book reading is an in-depth study of the characteristics of the line of sight in children's reading, that is to study the visual reading patterns of children by the different gaze of the core elements of the picture book, which are the core elements of the picture book, when the children read the picture book. When children read picture books, they mainly focus on the picture area and rarely pay attention to the text. At the same time, the attention to the text area shows the trend of growth with age. The visual reading pattern of children's picture books has a single visual reading pattern reading the picture only and the combined visual reading of both reading pictures and reading words. There are two types of patterns, and the single visual pattern decreases with the age of children. The combined visual pattern increases with the age of children. The degree of eye movement of children's eye movement is characterized by age development from scattered to concentrated.
The study of visual key information in Chinese children's picture book reading studies the quality of the reading quality of children's picture books of different ages. The results show that the greater the age of the children, the more the number of visual key information is observed when the children are reading, and the length of the average fixation time and the number of fixations in the visual key information areas. With the increasing trend of children's age, these all reveal that the reading comprehension ability of children's picture books increases with the age of children. While the 4 year old children are significantly better than the 3 year old children in the number of visual critical information. It shows that the 4 year old is a period of great development of children's reading ability. Children's picture observation and story comprehension are better than those of the combined visual reading mode.
On the basis of the four studies, the Chinese children's reading development stage mode is obtained, that is, reading from picture reading to graphic reading; the first level is similar to picture reading in the reading of graphic reading, the second level is that there is no back sight in the text area, and the other is divided into two kinds: no back and back sight. The first level in the back view is the correspondence of no text map and second layers. The second is the correspondence of a text map, while the eye movement line of vision shows the development characteristics from decentralization to concentration to extension.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：G613.2

【引證文獻】

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