本文選題：小大人 + “小大人”兒童觀　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：縱觀中西方文化歷史,“小大人”兒童觀由來(lái)已久。在古代,由于人類主體的自我認(rèn)識(shí)水平較低,成人中心主義也曾主導(dǎo)著人們對(duì)待兒童的態(tài)度,因此,兒童只是被視為身體上比成人矮小的“小大人”而己。在當(dāng)下,由于受中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的消極影響,加上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)背景和人才選拔制度的推波助瀾,“小大人”兒童觀仍然有其存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)土壤。雖然在不同的歷史時(shí)期,“小大人”兒童觀所承載的內(nèi)涵和意蘊(yùn)不同,但它們卻有著同樣的表現(xiàn),即人們自覺或不自覺地把兒童看作縮小的成人,以成人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)要求孩子。其本質(zhì)就是尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童期的特殊意義與價(jià)值,尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童與成人的本質(zhì)區(qū)別。 在“小大人”兒童觀的影響下,古代的兒童教育表現(xiàn)為：教育內(nèi)容注重倫理道德的灌輸和儒家經(jīng)典的誦讀；教學(xué)方法注重形式,死記硬背；教材內(nèi)容的選擇和編排忽視兒童的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)；另外,教育中強(qiáng)調(diào)“勤有功,戲無(wú)益”、“趨靜”等教育觀念。當(dāng)代的兒童教育也同樣存在著一系列問題。家長(zhǎng)們望子成龍心切,不由自主地加入到催促兒童成長(zhǎng)的行列,學(xué)校和一些教育機(jī)構(gòu)則充當(dāng)了家長(zhǎng)的“得力助手”。于是,兒童教育中出現(xiàn)了揠苗助長(zhǎng)、超前教育、規(guī)訓(xùn)教育等種種亂象。也就是說(shuō),在“小大人”兒童觀的影響下,兒童教育忽視了兒童的身心發(fā)展特點(diǎn),違背了兒童發(fā)展的自然速率,給兒童的健康發(fā)展帶來(lái)了極大的傷害。 面對(duì)兒童教育異化的現(xiàn)實(shí),我們不得不深思：兒童教育應(yīng)當(dāng)如何看待兒童?筆者的觀點(diǎn)是：兒童不是“小大人”,兒童就是“兒童”。與成人相比,兒童的身心發(fā)展尚未成熟,他們有其獨(dú)特的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)和精神世界,兒童正通往成人的路上,他們不會(huì)一下子變?yōu)槌扇?也不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)都是孩子。因此,教育應(yīng)當(dāng)把兒童看作“兒童”,敬畏兒童的天性,珍視兒童期的價(jià)值,尊重兒童的自然發(fā)展。唯有這樣,孩子們才有望擁有一個(gè)幸�？鞓返耐�。
[Abstract]:Throughout the cultural history of China and the West, the "small adults" view of children has a long history. In ancient times, due to the low level of self-awareness of human subjects, adult centrism also dominated people's attitude towards children. Therefore, children were regarded as "small adults" who were physically smaller than adults. At present, due to the negative influence of Chinese traditional culture, the fierce social background and the talent selection system, the concept of "small adults" children still has its realistic soil. Although in different historical periods, the concept of "small adults" children bears different connotations and meanings, they have the same performance, that is, people consciously or unconsciously regard children as small adults and demand children according to the standards of adults. Its essence is that it has not found the special significance and value of childhood and the essential difference between children and adults. Under the influence of "small adults", the education of children in ancient times showed as follows: the content of education paid attention to moral indoctrination and the recitation of Confucian classics, the teaching method paid attention to form, memorized by rote; The selection and arrangement of teaching materials ignore the cognitive characteristics of children, in addition, educational concepts such as "hard work, no benefit from drama" and "quiet" are emphasized in education. There are also a series of problems in contemporary children's education. Parents are eager to see their children grow up, and schools and educational institutions act as "right-hand men" for parents. As a result, children's education in the emergence of excessive Miao foster, leading education, discipline education and other chaos. That is to say, under the influence of "small adults" view of children, children's education ignores the characteristics of children's physical and mental development, violates the natural rate of children's development, and brings great harm to the healthy development of children. Facing the reality of children's education alienation, we have to ponder: how should children be treated in child education? My opinion is: children are not "small adults", children are "children". Compared with adults, children's physical and mental development is not mature, they have their unique cognitive characteristics and spiritual world, children are on their way to adulthood, they will not become adults at once, nor will they always be children. Therefore, education should regard children as "children", respect the nature of children, cherish the value of childhood and respect the natural development of children. Only in this way can children hope to have a happy and happy childhood.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G610

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本文編號(hào)：1961662