本文選題：兒向語(yǔ) + 詞匯拓展　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 語(yǔ)言在嬰幼兒認(rèn)知和社會(huì)性發(fā)展過(guò)程中關(guān)系重大。3歲以前是兒童語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。著名的心理學(xué)家Vygotsky(1962)曾經(jīng)指出,心智發(fā)展源于社會(huì)文化之中,成人(或主要照顧者)與兒童的互動(dòng)推動(dòng)了其更高層次的心智功能的發(fā)展。兒向語(yǔ)作為成人同兒童交談所使用的簡(jiǎn)易化的使用域,對(duì)兒童語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展(包括語(yǔ)用的發(fā)展)影響甚大。兒童就是通過(guò)兒向語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)習(xí)得語(yǔ)言及會(huì)話技巧的。作為一種特殊的語(yǔ)域,兒童主要照顧者往往是在非故意的情況下使用兒向語(yǔ),因此,對(duì)使用者是否了解這一語(yǔ)域特征的研究就顯得尤為重要。另外,從社會(huì)角度對(duì)影響兒向語(yǔ)的原因進(jìn)行調(diào)查,研究何種語(yǔ)境中的兒向語(yǔ)對(duì)幼兒詞匯的拓展具有積極的推動(dòng)作用具有理論及實(shí)踐意義。 本研究通過(guò)對(duì)部分幼兒主要照顧者的訪談式問(wèn)卷調(diào)查及分析,客觀地描述了兒向語(yǔ)的使用狀況及其社會(huì)因素和兒向語(yǔ)輸入環(huán)境下幼兒的詞匯拓展?fàn)顩r。其調(diào)查結(jié)果有助于研究者做出是否應(yīng)廣泛普及兒向語(yǔ)知識(shí)的報(bào)告,從而提高兒向語(yǔ)使用者的語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量,推動(dòng)兒童早期語(yǔ)言發(fā)展。本研究采取分層隨機(jī)不等比例抽樣的方法,按經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r抽取了長(zhǎng)春市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)、南關(guān)區(qū)及二道區(qū)的156名幼兒作為調(diào)查對(duì)象。該調(diào)查對(duì)象均為學(xué)說(shuō)普通話的健康幼兒,月齡為24至30個(gè)月。使用《幼兒詞匯拓展?fàn)顩r問(wèn)卷》對(duì)其主要照顧者進(jìn)行訪談式調(diào)查。該問(wèn)卷分為兩個(gè)部分:第一部分調(diào)查幼兒個(gè)人情況及其家庭社會(huì)環(huán)境;第二部分從”麥克阿瑟兒童語(yǔ)言溝通及發(fā)展量表”(MCDI)中選取了24-30個(gè)月幼兒常用的335個(gè)詞,按其用途分為18個(gè)詞類。受訪者按問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容,就幼兒的詞匯拓展?fàn)顩r,與幼兒常進(jìn)行的語(yǔ)言交互活動(dòng)以及家庭狀況進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的報(bào)告。在訪談的基礎(chǔ)上,以Vygotsky的心智發(fā)展的社會(huì)源起理論及Snow的兒向語(yǔ)理論作為分析框架,本文主要研究了如下三個(gè)問(wèn)題:中國(guó)幼兒父母(或幼兒主要照顧者)是否了解兒向語(yǔ)的特征?哪些因素可以使兒向語(yǔ)使用者為幼兒提供有力的語(yǔ)言發(fā)展環(huán)境?兒向語(yǔ)使用者與幼兒的哪些言語(yǔ)交互活動(dòng)對(duì)幼兒語(yǔ)言發(fā)展具有重要作用? 研究結(jié)果表明,大部分中國(guó)父母(或幼兒主要照顧者)對(duì)兒向語(yǔ)的特征并不了解,而是處在無(wú)意識(shí)的狀態(tài)下使用兒向語(yǔ)。受訪者在總結(jié)自己與幼兒交流的言語(yǔ)特征時(shí),選擇比例最高的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬于Ferguson所總結(jié)的清晰化過(guò)程(clarifying process)。受訪者在有意的調(diào)整其與幼兒交流的言語(yǔ)的清晰程度及語(yǔ)速的過(guò)程中,恰恰無(wú)意識(shí)的使用了兒向語(yǔ)。另外,對(duì)這部分問(wèn)卷的研究還可以得出結(jié)論,受訪者認(rèn)為其隨幼兒月齡變化調(diào)整其語(yǔ)言復(fù)雜程度這一回答在可信度上存在一定問(wèn)題。 研究結(jié)果還顯示,父母作為兒向語(yǔ)的主要使用者,其所受教育程度對(duì)幼兒詞匯拓展有很大影響,父親的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況也與幼兒詞匯水平呈正相關(guān);父母年齡與幼兒詞匯水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)。幼兒日間主要照顧者(除父母之外)的受教育程度也在一定程度上影響幼兒詞匯拓展,而與幼兒使用非普通話兒向語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流與幼兒詞匯拓展呈負(fù)相關(guān)。關(guān)于何種語(yǔ)境中的兒向語(yǔ)對(duì)幼兒詞匯拓展具有積極的推動(dòng)作用,研究結(jié)果顯示,幼兒主要照顧者與幼兒的日常言語(yǔ)交流活動(dòng)發(fā)生在如下語(yǔ)境,如給其講故事、看圖片及吸引幼兒與其展開(kāi)談話對(duì)推動(dòng)幼兒詞匯拓展具有積極的作用。 基于上述研究結(jié)果,對(duì)影響幼兒詞匯拓展的兒向語(yǔ)因素的進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),廣泛普及兒向語(yǔ)知識(shí)有利于促使父母及幼兒主要照顧者提高自身學(xué)識(shí)與修養(yǎng)、規(guī)范自己的語(yǔ)言,從而使幼兒處于富于變化、信息量大、詞匯豐富、語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)法規(guī)范的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中。另外,幼兒詞匯的拓展離不開(kāi)兒向語(yǔ)使用者對(duì)幼兒言語(yǔ)的及時(shí)回應(yīng)、糾正與擴(kuò)充,及適當(dāng)?shù)难哉Z(yǔ)交互活動(dòng)的采用。幼兒一旦獲得了高度的語(yǔ)言發(fā)展能力,其認(rèn)知能力也會(huì)快速提高。 分析兒向語(yǔ)及其相關(guān)因素與幼兒詞匯拓展的關(guān)系不僅具有重大的理論意義,而且具有實(shí)踐意義。理論上,本研究拓寬了兒向語(yǔ)理論的視域,該研究結(jié)果認(rèn)證了兒向語(yǔ)與幼兒詞匯拓展的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,以及社會(huì)環(huán)境、語(yǔ)言交互活動(dòng)和兒向語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。實(shí)踐上,本研究為致力于促進(jìn)兒童語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的政策制定者、教育者、實(shí)踐者提供了一些有益的啟示。對(duì)兒向語(yǔ)及其相關(guān)因素的研究有利于深入理解兒童語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展過(guò)程,因而該研究為探索兒童健康發(fā)展的父母提供了有益的參考。 鑒于主客觀條件的限制,本研究?jī)H從兒向語(yǔ)輸入這一個(gè)角度分析了影響幼兒詞匯拓展的因素。影響兒童語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的因素錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,心理因素、個(gè)體差異以及認(rèn)知發(fā)展等多方面因素對(duì)幼兒詞匯拓展的影響和制約有待于進(jìn)一步探討。同時(shí),本研究未能對(duì)調(diào)查對(duì)象與其主要照顧者的所有言語(yǔ)交互活動(dòng)進(jìn)行全面分析,如共同觀看電視節(jié)目及影碟等活動(dòng)未作研究。另外,本研究結(jié)果僅能反映長(zhǎng)春地區(qū)部分學(xué)說(shuō)普通話且健康幼兒的詞匯拓展?fàn)顩r,因而,對(duì)其普遍性的研究尚有待于進(jìn)一步探討。
[Abstract]:The relationship between language and children's cognitive and social development is a critical period before.3 years of age. The famous psychologist Vygotsky (1962) once pointed out that mental development originates from the social culture, and the interaction between adults (or main caregivers) and children pushes the development of their higher level of mental function. The simplified use area used as an adult to talk to children has a great impact on the development of children's language (including the development of pragmatics). Children are acquiring language and conversational skills through the guidance of the language. As a special register, children's main caregivers often use children in unintentional situations, so that It is particularly important for the users to understand the characteristics of the register. In addition, it is of theoretical and practical significance to investigate the causes of the language from the social point of view.
This study objectively describes the use of children's language and its social factors and children's vocabulary expansion under the input environment of children. The language quality of the language users promotes early language development of children. This study adopts a stratified random unequal proportion sampling method. According to the economic development, 156 young children in Changchun, Nanguan District and two districts are selected as the subjects. All the subjects are healthy young children who speak for 24 to 30 months. The questionnaire on the development of children's vocabulary was interviewed. The questionnaire was divided into two parts: the first part was divided into two parts: the first part investigated the individual situation of children and their family social environment; the second part selected 335 words commonly used for 24-30 months children from the "language communication and development scale of Macarthur children", according to their use points. According to the content of 18 words, the interviewees reported the vocabulary development of children, the language interaction activities and the family status of children. On the basis of the interview, the social origin theory of Vygotsky and the Snow theory of child language were used as the analysis framework, and the following three were studied in this paper. Question: do Chinese children's parents (or primary caregivers) understand the characteristics of the language? Which factors can provide the language users with a powerful language development environment? Which language interaction between children and children plays an important role in the development of children's language development?
The results show that most Chinese parents (or children's primary caregivers) do not understand the characteristics of the language, but use the children in the unconscious state. When the interviewees summarize the speech features of their children, the two choice of the highest selection ratio is the clear process (clarifying proces) summed up by Ferguson. S). In the process of intentional adjustment of the clarity and speed of the speech communicated with children, the interviewee used the language unconsciously. In addition, the study of this part of the questionnaire can also draw a conclusion that the respondents believed that the answer to the response to the change of language complexity with the change of the age of young children has some problems.
The results also show that the education degree of parents, as the main users of children, has a great influence on the vocabulary development of children, the economic status of the father is also positively related to the vocabulary level of children, and the age of parents is negatively related to the vocabulary level of children. There is a negative correlation between children's vocabulary development and children's use of non Putonghua children to communicate with children's vocabulary expansion. If you tell stories, look at pictures and attract children to talk with them, they will play a positive role in promoting children's vocabulary development.
Based on the above results, a further analysis of the factors affecting children's vocabulary development has been made. It is found that the widespread popularization of children's knowledge is conducive to promoting parents and young children's main caregivers to improve their knowledge and self-cultivation, and to standardize their own language, so that children are in a change, large amount of information, rich vocabulary, and standard pronunciation and grammar. In addition, the expansion of children's vocabulary can not be separated from the user's timely response to children's speech, correction and expansion, and the appropriate use of verbal interaction. As soon as children have acquired a high level of language development, their cognitive ability will also improve rapidly.
The analysis of the relationship between children's language and its related factors and children's vocabulary development is not only of great theoretical and practical significance. In theory, this study broadens the horizon of the theory of children's language, and the results of this study have authenticated the internal relations between children's vocabulary and children's vocabulary development, as well as the social environment, language interaction and children's language. In practice, this study provides some useful inspiration for policymakers, educators and practitioners devoted to promoting children's language development. The study of children's language and its related factors is beneficial to understanding the development process of children's language, thus providing useful references for parents to explore the healthy development of children. Exam.
In view of the constraints of subjective and objective conditions, this study only analyzes the factors that affect the development of children's vocabulary from the angle of children's input to language. The factors that affect children's language development are complex, psychological factors, individual differences and cognitive development have to be further discussed. This study failed to make a comprehensive analysis of all the verbal interaction between the subjects and their main caregivers, such as the activities of watching TV programs and video discs together. In addition, the results of this study only reflect the vocabulary extension of some Changchun Mandarin and healthy children. Therefore, the study of its universality remains to be studied. Further discussion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：G610

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 姜霖;論中國(guó)市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程中的社會(huì)因素[J];東岳論叢;1999年06期

2 武美愛(ài);學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)方法的形成及其對(duì)教學(xué)方法的影響[J];太原師范專科學(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);1999年03期

3 陳志琴,俞光虹,周玲;影響中美高校募捐的社會(huì)因素比較[J];高教探索;2005年05期

4 李宗利;英語(yǔ)中性別歧視現(xiàn)象原因探究[J];鹽城工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年03期

5 劉輝濤;;色彩的情感[J];教育實(shí)踐與研究(中學(xué)版);2006年02期

6 呂淑杰;丑紅鴻;柴博;宋艷;;環(huán)境與心身疾病[J];長(zhǎng)春大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年08期

7 黃艷美;;論現(xiàn)代社會(huì)因素與高校體育發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略思想[J];韶關(guān)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2006年09期

8 陳日響;;論競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)攻擊性行為形成的社會(huì)性因素與控制[J];湖北體育科技;2007年01期

9 姜良斌;;當(dāng)前中學(xué)生思想新變化及對(duì)策[J];各界文論;2007年04期

10 程麗波;李杰;徐淑娟;;英語(yǔ)專業(yè)課堂教學(xué)中語(yǔ)碼轉(zhuǎn)換的實(shí)證研究[J];安慶師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2007年05期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 梁寶勇;;試論心身疾病的心理社會(huì)因素[A];全國(guó)第五屆心理學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議文摘選集[C];1984年

2 姜占民;;新時(shí)期俄語(yǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)詞匯、術(shù)語(yǔ)的變化及其社會(huì)因素[A];外語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言教學(xué)研究——黑龍江省外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)會(huì)第十一次學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];1997年

3 郭錫永;正悅;吳飛;王淑杰;計(jì)秀生;李振來(lái);;影響更年期婦女抑郁癥狀發(fā)生的生物、心理及社會(huì)因素的研究[A];新世紀(jì)預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)——中華預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)首屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2002年

4 肖嵐;;腸造口患者的心理問(wèn)題及護(hù)理干預(yù)[A];腫瘤研究新進(jìn)展學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文集[C];2008年

5 劉曉芳;張華萍;劉偉;彭偉;黃少卿;雷雨;吳新;羅敏潔;黎永亮;;晚期癌癥患者主要照顧者生活質(zhì)量及相關(guān)因素研究[A];第六屆中國(guó)癌癥康復(fù)與姑息醫(yī)學(xué)大會(huì)大會(huì)論文集和專題講座[C];2010年

6 沈偉;鐘進(jìn)才;王京娥;劉芳;牛潤(rùn)桂;劉明恒;林維德;;691例中國(guó)大陸寧養(yǎng)腫瘤照顧者生活質(zhì)量研究報(bào)告[A];第七屆全國(guó)癌癥康復(fù)與姑息醫(yī)學(xué)大會(huì)大會(huì)論文集和專題講座[C];2011年

7 王培;;惡性腫瘤患者主要照顧者心理狀況[A];第14屆全國(guó)老年護(hù)理學(xué)術(shù)交流會(huì)議論文匯編[C];2011年

8 韓杰;田梓蓉;;對(duì)無(wú)喉患者親屬照顧者真實(shí)體驗(yàn)的質(zhì)性研究[A];中華護(hù)理學(xué)會(huì)2009全國(guó)五官科護(hù)理學(xué)術(shù)交流暨專題講座會(huì)議論文匯編[C];2009年

9 吳亞楠;史麗芝;侯召香;張偉;;緩解期分裂癥的照顧者心理健康狀況的調(diào)查[A];中國(guó)心理衛(wèi)生協(xié)會(huì)石油石化分會(huì)成立暨第四屆石油石化心理衛(wèi)生學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2004年

10 王進(jìn);張瑞;;腦卒中患者非正式照顧者負(fù)擔(dān)和心理健康相關(guān)因素研究[A];第十一屆全國(guó)神經(jīng)病學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文匯編[C];2008年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前10條

1 賀麗琴;電子眼考慮社會(huì)因素了嗎[N];中國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)報(bào);2006年

2 上海交通大學(xué) 朱建國(guó)博士;直面影響我國(guó)動(dòng)物疫病流行的社會(huì)因素[N];中國(guó)畜牧報(bào);2005年

3 上海交通大學(xué) 朱建國(guó)博士;直面影響我國(guó)動(dòng)物疫病流行的社會(huì)因素[N];中國(guó)畜牧報(bào);2005年

4 ;社會(huì)因素與消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買行為[N];中國(guó)紡織報(bào);2003年

5 成靜;全民焦慮,社會(huì)因素難辭其咎[N];中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)導(dǎo)報(bào);2011年

6 余婉雯 廣州利康家屬資源中心;為照顧者建立支援網(wǎng)絡(luò)[N];中國(guó)社會(huì)報(bào);2010年

7 長(zhǎng)嶺 青林 文華;如何預(yù)防社會(huì)因素對(duì)健康旅行的危害？[N];國(guó)際商報(bào);2003年

8 王俊鳴;社會(huì)因素越來(lái)越?jīng)Q定人類健康[N];科技日?qǐng)?bào);2005年

9 本版編輯 馬可·凱勒霍夫 周海旺 壽莉莉 馬青;家庭照顧者迫切需要支援[N];中國(guó)社會(huì)報(bào);2006年

10 包穎;美國(guó)：政府向身心俱疲的農(nóng)村家庭照顧人員伸出援手[N];中國(guó)社會(huì)報(bào);2006年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 趙洋;“東方紅一號(hào)”衛(wèi)星科學(xué)技術(shù)與社會(huì)因素的互動(dòng)[D];中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（自然科學(xué)史研究所）;2006年

2 黃元生;技術(shù)創(chuàng)新社會(huì)動(dòng)因的經(jīng)濟(jì)分析[D];華北電力大學(xué)（河北）;2006年

3 劉敏;中國(guó)當(dāng)代居民和諧消費(fèi)方式研究[D];西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2007年

4 聶衍剛;青少年社會(huì)適應(yīng)行為及影響因素的研究[D];華南師范大學(xué);2005年

5 丁仁船;轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)供給影響因素研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2007年

6 周晨萌;北京話輕聲、兒化、清入字的變異研究[D];北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué);2006年

7 盧勇;明清時(shí)期淮河水患與生態(tài)、社會(huì)關(guān)系研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

8 滕云;十八世紀(jì)中國(guó)古典園林與歐洲古典園林比照研究[D];沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

9 林小澂;阿爾茲海默氏癥病患的家屬照顧者情緒困攪調(diào)適研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2006年

10 解正明;基于社會(huì)認(rèn)知的漢語(yǔ)有標(biāo)記構(gòu)式研究[D];北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué);2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 韓冰;兒向語(yǔ)與詞匯拓展：中國(guó)幼兒的個(gè)案研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年

2 劉慧;初中教師群體人際交往研究[D];遼寧師范大學(xué);2007年

3 丁震一;對(duì)麗水地區(qū)肢體殘疾人員體育健身參與的研究[D];蘇州大學(xué);2006年

4 安樂(lè);科學(xué)實(shí)在性與社會(huì)因素間的必要張力[D];山東大學(xué);2008年

5 王璐;二十一世紀(jì)英漢新詞的比較研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

6 李彥;天津方言語(yǔ)音變化機(jī)制[D];天津師范大學(xué);2005年

7 吳平;論科技新聞報(bào)道中的問(wèn)題與對(duì)策[D];暨南大學(xué);2006年

8 李麗麗;中文劇本《家》指示類言語(yǔ)行為策略個(gè)案研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2007年

9 付磊強(qiáng);經(jīng)前期綜合征心理社會(huì)因素的相關(guān)性初探及中醫(yī)證型的初步分析[D];成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);2008年

10 范麗群;英語(yǔ)委婉語(yǔ)的文化內(nèi)涵研究[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2005年

，

本文編號(hào)：1847181