本文選題：童年　切入點(diǎn)：兒童世界　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2008年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 童年,在個體的生命歷程中一去而不可復(fù)返,卻在心靈深處凝結(jié)為一個純潔無瑕的夢。兒童置身于自己的世界,奔騰跳躍、嬉戲打鬧,永遠(yuǎn)一副天真活潑、快樂無憂的模樣。然而,當(dāng)前童年卻處于即將消逝的危機(jī)之中。這種危機(jī)促使我們研究童年及兒童教育問題。 童年是什么?童年怎樣產(chǎn)生?童年為何存在?這一連串的追問引導(dǎo)我們?nèi)ニ妓魍甑钠鹪春蛢r值問題�；谌祟悓W(xué)各有關(guān)學(xué)科的跨學(xué)科視野,利用發(fā)生學(xué)方法,本研究從人類的進(jìn)化過程中去考察童年的起源,確認(rèn)童年的價值,從而認(rèn)定童年是一種人類學(xué)現(xiàn)象,它具有生物適應(yīng)和文化適應(yīng)的雙重價值,也為教育的發(fā)生提供了前提。這意味著,童年不會消逝,也不能被逾越。 童年不僅標(biāo)示著年齡涵義,它實(shí)際上就是一個特別的世界。再者,兒童是獨(dú)立于成人的存在,他們的本質(zhì)不能由成人的本質(zhì)推論而來。為了進(jìn)一步揭示人類童年的本質(zhì),本研究利用現(xiàn)象學(xué)研究方法,在廣泛考察人類童年體驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對兒童世界的特征重新做了解釋。研究認(rèn)為,兒童是生活著的生活者、游戲著的游戲者、學(xué)習(xí)著的學(xué)習(xí)者;而兒童世界,則是一個快樂、純真的,由兒童生活、兒童游戲、兒童學(xué)習(xí)多維交疊而成的一個立體網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 童年正在消逝嗎?童年危機(jī)在我們國家有何特殊表現(xiàn)?研究發(fā)現(xiàn),我國當(dāng)前童年危機(jī)的根本癥結(jié)在于兒童被異化為“偽成人”,深層誘因在于社會競爭所導(dǎo)致的錯位教育目的——“生存教育”,表層肌理則在于由“生存教育”所決定的不當(dāng)教養(yǎng)方式——“課程化成長”。綜合來看,正是“生存教育”導(dǎo)致了兒童的“課程化成長”,最終導(dǎo)致兒童被異化為偽成人。這就是我國當(dāng)前童年危機(jī)的發(fā)生機(jī)制。 如何解決我國當(dāng)前的兒童教育問題?基于對童年的重新認(rèn)識,以及對我國童年危機(jī)的了解,針對兒童教育背離童年的主要原因,為了使兒童教育向童年回歸,本研究認(rèn)為其基本立場就是要遵循兒童的發(fā)展規(guī)律,尊重兒童的生活方式、游戲方式和學(xué)習(xí)方式,充分地利用兒童身上的內(nèi)在生長能力,促進(jìn)兒童健全成長;其基本原則就是實(shí)現(xiàn)教育活動與生活活動、游戲活動和學(xué)習(xí)活動的融合。同時,針對“引導(dǎo)-割裂”式教學(xué)這個導(dǎo)致兒童教育背離童年的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ),本研究提出了一種“參與-交融”式教學(xué),作為兒童教育向童年回歸的可能途徑。
[Abstract]:Childhood, in the course of individual life and not return, but in the depths of the soul condensed into a pure dream. Children in their own world, Pentium jump, play, always a naive and lively, Happiness is carefree. However, childhood is in the midst of an impending crisis, which prompts us to study childhood and child education. What was childhood? How did childhood come into being? Why did childhood exist? This series of questioning leads us to think about the origin and value of childhood. Based on the interdisciplinary perspective of anthropology and the use of genetic methods, this study examines the origin of childhood in the course of human evolution. By confirming the value of childhood, we can conclude that childhood is an anthropological phenomenon, which has the dual value of biological adaptation and cultural adaptation, and also provides the premise for the occurrence of education. Childhood not only signifies the meaning of age, it is actually a special world. Moreover, children are independent of adults, and their essence cannot be deduced from the nature of adults. In order to further reveal the nature of human childhood, Based on the extensive investigation of human childhood experience, this study reinterprets the characteristics of the children's world by means of phenomenological research. The study holds that children are living, playing and learning. And the world of children, is a happy, pure, children's life, children's games, children's learning multi-dimensional overlapping network. Is childhood dying? What is the special manifestation of childhood crisis in our country? The study found that, The fundamental crux of our country's current childhood crisis lies in the alienation of children into "pseudo-adults", the deep inducement lies in the misplaced educational purpose-"survival education" caused by social competition, and the surface texture is determined by "survival education". Improper upbringing-"curricular growth". Taken together, It is "survival education" that leads to the "curriculum growth" of children, which eventually leads to the alienation of children into pseudo-adults, which is the mechanism of childhood crisis in China. How to solve the current problems of children's education in China? Based on the new understanding of childhood and the understanding of childhood crisis in China, in view of the main reasons that children education deviates from childhood, in order to make children education return to childhood, this study holds that its basic position is to follow the law of children's development. Respecting the way of life, play and learning of the child, making full use of the inherent developmental abilities of the child, and promoting the sound development of the child, the fundamental principle of which is the realization of educational and life activities, The combination of game activities and learning activities. At the same time, in view of the "leading-split" teaching, which causes children's education to deviate from the reality of childhood, this study puts forward a kind of "participation-blending" teaching. As a possible way for children's education to return to childhood.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：G610

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