本文選題：教育信訪 + 困境�。� 參考：《華中師范大學》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：教育信訪制度是我國信訪制度的一個組成部分,從性質上來說是一種行政信訪。教育信訪制度是指教職工、學生、公民、法人和其他組織采取書信、電子郵件、傳真、電話、走訪等方式,向各級教育部門(包括各級教育行政部門、各高等學校、中小學和幼兒園)或其他信訪工作機構反映情況,提出意見、建議和要求,并由有關教育部門予以處理的活動。相當長一段時間以來,教育信訪制度扮演著對教育權益救濟的角色,同時近年來我國教育信訪的相應統計數據則表明我國教育行政部門正面臨著較大教育信訪壓力。當信訪制度之存廢面臨著時代的抉擇時,教育信訪制度又將面臨著怎樣的選擇呢? 教育信訪制度目前所面臨的困境可以概括為三個方面：一是人治化的運作與法治的背離。從教育信訪制度的運行過程來看,在其運行之初篩選機制的運用使得教育信訪制度與法治的公正要義相背離；人治化的運作使教育信訪制度成為“權力裝置”,這與作為“權利裝置”的法治相背離；對教育信訪問題處理的非規(guī)范性使得教育信訪制度的運行結果具有極強的不確定性,這與法治的程序正義之要旨相背離。二是異向目標的互動——制度良性運作基本要求的違背。教育信訪人的目標主要指向教育權利的救濟與保障,而教育信訪部門的工作目標則指向的是教育領域的安全與穩(wěn)定,對教育權利的救濟與保障僅僅是教育信訪部門在追求前述目標下的一種可能結果。由于教育信訪人與教育信訪部門的目標相異,因此各方追求各自目標的過程就是雙方進行博弈的過程,并進而將教育信訪制度撕扯得面目全非、并使其異化。三是功能擴張與虛置。教育信訪制度的基本功能,無論是三功能說還是四功能說,在現實中都受到了不同程度的壓抑與虛置,與此同時教育信訪制度突破原有功能的界說而表現出擴張的一面,擴張后的功能可概稱為維穩(wěn)功能。維穩(wěn)功能從靜態(tài)滲透與動態(tài)運作兩個方面支配與左右著現行教育信訪制度,使教育信訪工作從理性變?yōu)榉抢硇?并極易游離于法治之外。 造成上述教育信訪制度困境的原因是復雜的。最基本的原因有三個：1.教育信訪制度法制化改造的不徹底性,使得名義上由行政法規(guī)《信訪條例》所規(guī)范與調整的制度,實質上卻不具有法律制度的基本屬性——法律制度的確定性與由法律規(guī)范調整的屬性。既然不是法律制度,自然難以自覺遵循法律的基本原則與制度；既然不是法律制度,則難免會不知不覺沿襲人治作風；既然不是法律制度,在教育信訪工作中所表現出來的人治作風就可能消解國家司法機關的權威之現代社會治理的基礎。因此,教育信訪制度法制化改造的不徹底性,使得該制度實質上提供的是一個在法律之外解決教育信訪問題的途徑。2.教育部門自上而下的科層管理體制,實際上是一種控制——壓力型教育行政管理體制,上級教育部門大多掌管著下級教育部門的至少一、兩個命門,使下級總要聽命于上級。因此,對于教育信訪問題的解決,主要并非依據現有的規(guī)范(規(guī)則、制度等)進行,而是基于這種“控制——壓力”的力度；同時在這種上下級教育信訪部門之間所形成的類似于閉合性的系統內,對教育信訪問題的解決更顯得無章法可循。3.教育權利救濟機制不完善為教育信訪制度的功能擴張?zhí)峁┝丝赡芘c空間,所謂使教育信訪制度“乘虛而入”。正是教育權利救濟機制的不振使教育信訪制度才有了補闕的可能。 教育信訪制度如何走出困境呢?恐怕要根據其所面臨的困境,不僅要對其自身進行相應的改造,而且還要對教育法制進行相應的完善。具體來說,教育信訪制度走出困境的基本思路是：首先,從教育信訪制度本身的完善入手,進行內部改良,即明確教育信訪制度的功能與進行法制化改造。其次,完善教育權利救濟機制,以避免教育信訪制度功能的擴張與虛置。最后,完善我國的教育法制,為依法行政提供良好的前提條件。
[Abstract]:The educational complaint system is an integral part of our country ' s complaint system . It is a kind of administrative follow - up . It refers to the teaching staff , students , citizens , legal persons and other organizations to take letters , e - mail , fax , telephone , visit , etc .

The dilemma of the educational complaint system can be summarized into three aspects : one is the deviation from the operation of the human being and the rule of law . From the operation process of the education credit system , the application of the screening mechanism in the operation of the education makes the educational complaint system deviate from the just and essential sense of the rule of law ;
The operation of people ' s governance makes the education and follow - up system become the " power device " , which is deviated from the rule of law as the " right device " ;
The non - standardization of the handling of the educational belief system makes the operation result of the educational complaint system very strong , which is contrary to the gist of the process justice of the rule of law .

The reasons for the difficulties of the education petition system are complicated . The most basic reason is three : 1 . The non - thoroughness of the legalization transformation of the educational belief system , which makes the system of the legal system regulated and regulated by the administrative regulations and letters and visits , in essence , does not have the certainty of the legal system and the attribute regulated by the legal norm . Since it is not the legal system , it is hard to consciously abide by the basic principles and systems of the law ;
Since it is not a legal system , it is difficult to unknowingly follow the people ' s style of work ;
Since it is not the legal system , the people ' s style of administration in the course of the educational visit may be the foundation of the modern social governance of the state judicial organs .
At the same time , in the system similar to the closed system formed between the upper and lower education letters , it is more obvious that the solution to the problem of the education petition is no rule . 3 . The remedy mechanism of educational rights does not perfect the possibility and space of the function expansion of the educational complaint system . It is also the possibility that the educational rights relief mechanism is not enough to make the education and follow - up system make up .

How to get out of the predicament ? I ' m afraid that according to the difficulties it faces , it is necessary not only to reform itself , but also to perfect the legal system .

【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G40-05;D632.8

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 隨紅俠;清代“投匿名文書告人罪”律例研究[D];南開大學;2012年

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本文編號：1892240