本文選題：大學(xué)新生　切入點(diǎn)：心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：大學(xué)是人生歷程的一個(gè)重要階段,青年學(xué)生必須面對心理和生理以及角色的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變,這就要求大學(xué)生必須具備相應(yīng)的心理適應(yīng)能力,在此基礎(chǔ)上儲(chǔ)備足夠的社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力以面對大學(xué)生活和未來的社會(huì)生活。然而,受諸多因素的影響,當(dāng)前大學(xué)生的心理適應(yīng)能力總體狀況不容樂觀,很多大學(xué)生對復(fù)雜多變的環(huán)境缺乏足夠的適應(yīng)能力,表現(xiàn)出對大學(xué)生活和社會(huì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)不良,這將會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響其健康成長和發(fā)展。要改變這一現(xiàn)狀,必須積極開展大學(xué)新生心理適應(yīng)能力現(xiàn)狀的研究,積極探索提高大學(xué)新生心理適應(yīng)能力的有效途徑,在大學(xué)新生入學(xué)后不斷提高大學(xué)新生心理適應(yīng)能力和社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力,從而提高其心理健康水平,為大學(xué)生適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活和社會(huì)生活創(chuàng)造良好條件。 本研究從教育管理學(xué)和心理學(xué)角度出發(fā),調(diào)查大學(xué)生心理適應(yīng)能力現(xiàn)狀并分析其成因,積極探討提高大學(xué)新生心理適應(yīng)能力的有效措施,結(jié)合本校實(shí)際情況開展大學(xué)新生心理適應(yīng)能力訓(xùn)練,探索這些訓(xùn)練活動(dòng)對提高大學(xué)的心理適應(yīng)能力和心理健康水平的影響。本研究基于當(dāng)前國內(nèi)對于大學(xué)新生心理適應(yīng)能力研究尚處于理論研究層面而實(shí)驗(yàn)性不足的現(xiàn)實(shí),積極開展應(yīng)用性研究,結(jié)合新生入學(xué)教育采取講座、團(tuán)體心理輔導(dǎo)、導(dǎo)師制、心理適應(yīng)訓(xùn)練以及助理班主任制等形式,幫助大學(xué)新生增強(qiáng)對大學(xué)生活以及社會(huì)環(huán)境的認(rèn)識,重塑人生信念和人生目標(biāo),提高其抗挫折能力和適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力,成功實(shí)現(xiàn)角色的轉(zhuǎn)變,培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立生活能力,增強(qiáng)集體榮譽(yù)感,培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和協(xié)助能力,最終達(dá)到提高心理適應(yīng)能力和社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力的目標(biāo),推行“認(rèn)知-實(shí)踐-適應(yīng)”為導(dǎo)向的素質(zhì)教育模式。 本文的研究對象為瀘州醫(yī)學(xué)院大一新生班級,共13個(gè)班。首先在大一新生班級中采用教育部編制的《中國大學(xué)生心理健康量表》和《中國大學(xué)生適應(yīng)量表》對13個(gè)新生班級進(jìn)行心理健康水平的調(diào)查,了解新生整體的心理健康狀況和心理適應(yīng)能力；然后在13個(gè)班中選取心理健康狀況和心理適應(yīng)能力沒有顯著性差異的2個(gè)合班(每個(gè)班120人左右)為研究對象,即實(shí)驗(yàn)班和對照班。對實(shí)驗(yàn)班實(shí)施為期半年的心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練,對照班不予實(shí)施。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后用同樣量表進(jìn)行測試和評定,采用SPSS10.0對前后測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理分析。結(jié)果顯示： 1.心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練能提高大學(xué)新生心理健康水平。實(shí)驗(yàn)班心理健康水平前后測,除性心理障礙外,其余11項(xiàng)均出現(xiàn)了明顯差異；而對照班前后測,除社交退縮、社交攻擊、強(qiáng)迫和依賴4個(gè)因子外,其余8個(gè)因子均無顯著性差異；實(shí)驗(yàn)班與對照班后測比較,除社交攻擊、性心理障礙無差異外,其余10個(gè)因子均出現(xiàn)了顯著差異,且對照班的均數(shù)高于實(shí)驗(yàn)班,說明心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練能較好地提高新生心理健康水平。 2.心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練能提高大學(xué)新生心理適應(yīng)能力。實(shí)驗(yàn)班心理適應(yīng)能力前后測結(jié)果顯示,除擇業(yè)適應(yīng)外,其余6個(gè)因子均有顯著差異且后測平均值明顯高于前測；對照班前后測結(jié)果顯示,對照班在自我適應(yīng)和滿意度出現(xiàn)了顯著差異,其余因子均無顯著差異；實(shí)驗(yàn)班與對照班后測比較,除擇業(yè)適應(yīng)外,其余6個(gè)因子均有顯著性差異且實(shí)驗(yàn)班平均值高于對照班,提示心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練能有效提高大學(xué)新生心理適應(yīng)能力。 3.心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練能提高大學(xué)新生專業(yè)成績。第一學(xué)期期末考試成績比較顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)班與對照班在生物學(xué)成績上不存在顯著差異,實(shí)驗(yàn)班在5門課的平均分高于對照班,兩班間存在顯著差異；實(shí)驗(yàn)班不及格率(補(bǔ)考人數(shù)／總?cè)藬?shù))明顯低于對照班,提示心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練能有效提高新生學(xué)習(xí)適應(yīng)能力。 4.本研究證明了心理適應(yīng)能力訓(xùn)練對提高大學(xué)新生適應(yīng)能力和心理健康水平有良好的促進(jìn)作用,為大學(xué)新生入學(xué)教育和心理健康教育提供了理論和實(shí)踐依據(jù),適合作為高校實(shí)施和推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育的一門正式課程。 大學(xué)新生心理適應(yīng)不良的根本原因是應(yīng)試教育與素質(zhì)教育間、大眾化教育與精英化教育間的矛盾,化解這些矛盾要從三方面著手,“改革教育體制,推行素質(zhì)教育”、“凈化社會(huì)環(huán)境,加強(qiáng)家庭教育”、“重視入學(xué)教育,實(shí)施心理訓(xùn)練”,但是在目前情況下,心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練是化解大學(xué)新生適應(yīng)不良的根本舉措。高校要重視新生心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練工作,加大資金和政策支持,建設(shè)專業(yè)化基地并建設(shè)一支專業(yè)教師隊(duì)伍。新生心理適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練時(shí)間應(yīng)延伸到大一甚至整個(gè)大學(xué)期間,幫助大學(xué)新生重樹理想信念與人生目標(biāo)、進(jìn)行角色轉(zhuǎn)化與自我認(rèn)同感的實(shí)現(xiàn)、建立學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)并轉(zhuǎn)變學(xué)習(xí)方法、培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立生活能力并學(xué)會(huì)管理個(gè)人時(shí)間、培養(yǎng)人際交往能力與社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力、普及心理健康知識以及開展職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃與職業(yè)誠信教育。同時(shí),人們需要重視家庭教育,要積極推進(jìn)家庭教育改革,家長要積極承擔(dān)起家庭教育的重?fù)?dān),為青少年成長創(chuàng)造良好的成長環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:The university is an important stage of life, young students must face great changes as well as physiological and psychological role, which requires college students must have corresponding psychological adaptability, on the basis of enough ability to adapt to society in the face of college life and social life in the future. However, affected by many factors, the current college students the psychological adaptation of the overall situation is not optimistic, many college students lack the ability to adapt to the complex environment, showing adaptation to college life and social environment is bad, it will seriously affect the healthy growth and development. To change this situation, the research must actively carry out college freshmen psychological ability to adapt to the situation, effective actively explore ways to improve the psychological adaptation of the freshmen, freshmen in college after improving college freshmen psychological adaptation ability and agency It will adapt to the ability to improve the level of mental health and create good conditions for college students to adapt to college life and social life.
This study from the perspective of education management and psychology of College Students' psychological ability to adapt to the status quo investigation and analysis of its causes, and actively explore effective measures to improve college freshmen psychological adaptation ability, combined with the actual situation of the school to carry out college freshmen psychological adaptation training, explore the training activities to improve the university mental adaptation ability and mental health level of influence this study is based on the current domestic. For college freshmen psychological adaptation research is still in the aspect of theoretical research and experiment of the shortage, and actively carry out applied research, combined with the education of the freshmen to take lectures, group counseling, mentoring, training and psychological adaptation of assistant head teacher system and other forms, to help the freshmen to enhance college life and society environmental awareness, reshape the life belief and life goals, improve the anti frustration ability and can adapt to the environment We should successfully transform roles, cultivate independent living ability, enhance collective sense of honor, cultivate teamwork spirit and help ability, and ultimately achieve the goal of improving psychological adaptability and social adaptability. We should carry out the "cognition practice adaptation" oriented quality education mode.
The object of this research is the Luzhou Medical College freshman class, a total of 13 classes. The first authorized by the Ministry of education of college students mental health scale China < > and < > Chinese students questionnaire for mental health of 13 freshmen classes in freshman class, ability to understand the overall adaptation of Freshmen's mental health status and psychological; 2 classes have no significant difference and then select the mental health status and the 13 classes of adaptive capacity (about 120 in each class) as the research object, the experimental class and the control class. The implementation of psychological adaptability training for half a year in the experimental class and the control class, not the implementation of the end of the experiment. After using the same scale test and evaluation, using SPSS10.0 to process and analysis the test data. The results showed:
1. psychological training can improve the adaptability of freshmen mental health. The mental health level of the experimental class before and after the test, in addition to psychological disorders, the remaining 11 were a significant difference; while the control group before and after the test, in addition to social withdrawal, social attack, and forced to rely on 4 factors, the remaining 8 factors were not significant difference; compare the experimental classes and control classes, in addition to social attacks, there was no difference in mental disorder, the other 10 factors showed significant differences, and the control class were higher than that in the experimental class, indicating that psychological adaptation training can improve their mental health level.
2. psychological training can improve the adaptability of freshmen adaptability. The experimental class before and after the psychological adaptability test result shows that, in addition to career adaptation, the other 6 factors have significant difference and the average value was significantly higher than that of the control class before and after pretest; test results show that the control group showed significant differences in self adaptation and satisfaction are no significant differences in other factors; compare the experimental classes and control classes, in addition to career adaptation of other 6 factors, there were significant differences between the experimental class and the average value is higher than the control group, suggesting that psychological adaptation training can effectively improve the mental adaptation of freshmen.
3. psychological adaptation training can improve the performance of college freshmen professional. Comparison shows that at the end of the first semester examination results, the experimental class and control class does not exist significant differences in the biological results, the experimental class in the course of an average of 5 higher than the control group, there were significant differences between the two classes; the experimental class did not pass rate (the number of make-up / total number) the class was significantly lower than the control, suggesting that psychological adaptation training can effectively improve the students ability to adapt.
4. this study proved that the mental ability training to improve freshmen adaptation ability and mental health level have a good role in promoting, providing theoretical and practical basis for the freshmen entrance education and mental health education, suitable for universities to implement and promote a formal course in quality education.
The fundamental reason of freshmen maladjustment is oriented education and quality education, the contradiction between mass education and elite education, to resolve these problems from three aspects, "the reform of the education system, the implementation of quality education", "purify the social environment, strengthening family education", "pay attention to school education, mental training" but, in the present circumstances, psychological adaptability training is the fundamental measure to resolve the freshmen maladjustment. Colleges and universities should pay attention to the psychological adaptability of freshmen training work, increase funding and policy support, the construction of professional base and build a team of professional teachers. The psychological adaptability of freshmen training time should be extended to a large and even the entire university, help the freshmen heavy tree ideal and life goal, role transformation and self-identity, establish learning goals and changes in learning methods, cultivate independence Independent life ability and learn to manage personal time, cultivate interpersonal skills and ability to adapt to society, popularize the knowledge of psychological health and carry out occupation career planning and occupation integrity education. At the same time, people need to pay attention to family education, to actively promote the reform of the family education, parents should actively take up the burden of family education, to create a good environment for the development of young people growth.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：B844.2

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