本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育 公共投入 轉(zhuǎn)移支付　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：教育是一個(gè)國(guó)家振興的基礎(chǔ),是一個(gè)民族進(jìn)步的靈魂。義務(wù)教育作為教育的基礎(chǔ)階段,在賦予人們基本的知識(shí)和技能,塑造人們健康的心理和性格等方面起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。我國(guó)歷來(lái)都是農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育在國(guó)民教育的體系中處于基礎(chǔ)地位,農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的好壞直接關(guān)系國(guó)家和民族的未來(lái)。義務(wù)教育具有極強(qiáng)的外部收益性,應(yīng)當(dāng)歸入公共物品的行業(yè),其資源的配置應(yīng)該由政府統(tǒng)一安排,其經(jīng)費(fèi)投入也應(yīng)該由政府公共財(cái)政支出負(fù)擔(dān)。然而,我國(guó)多年來(lái)一直忽視農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的發(fā)展,甚至在某段時(shí)間里將義務(wù)教育作為一種產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)營(yíng)。從本世紀(jì)以來(lái),國(guó)家持續(xù)加大對(duì)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的投入,多年來(lái)困擾農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育發(fā)展的經(jīng)費(fèi)問(wèn)題得到了很大的緩解。但是這種公共投入的加大依然沒(méi)有制度上的保障,沒(méi)有可持續(xù)性；同時(shí)由于多年的積累,在農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的公共投入問(wèn)題上依然有很多的問(wèn)題沒(méi)有得到解決。 論文從公共財(cái)政理論出發(fā),對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的公共投入問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究。文章首先對(duì)公共物品理論、公共財(cái)政理論以及義務(wù)教育理論進(jìn)行了論述,并分析了義務(wù)教育的公共品屬性,這是農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)公共投入研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。 其次,文章對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育公共投入的歷程和現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,特別是分析了改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)中國(guó)在農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)公共投入上的政策和措施的變化；并對(duì)當(dāng)前中國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)公共投入的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,指出投入不足、投入的不均衡、支出主體結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào)、以及信息不透明是義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出的主要問(wèn)題,這些問(wèn)題的存在將影響社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和公平。 再次,文章對(duì)歐美國(guó)家的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了分析,支出投資主體上移,適度的責(zé)權(quán)分離和穩(wěn)定的投入是歐美國(guó)家義務(wù)教育管理的主要趨勢(shì)。 最后,文章針對(duì)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)公共投入的問(wèn)題,從投入機(jī)制、轉(zhuǎn)移支付、經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源、社會(huì)監(jiān)督和立法方面提出了相關(guān)的對(duì)策與建議。
[Abstract]:Education is the foundation of a country's rejuvenation and the soul of a nation's progress. As the basic stage of education, compulsory education is giving people basic knowledge and skills. Shaping people's healthy psychology and personality has played a vital role. China has always been a large agricultural country, rural compulsory education in the national education system in the basic position, The quality of rural compulsory education is directly related to the future of the country and the nation. Compulsory education has a strong external profitability and should be classified as an industry of public goods, and the allocation of its resources should be arranged uniformly by the government. However, the development of compulsory education in rural areas has been neglected for many years in our country, and the compulsory education has even been marketized as an industry in a certain period of time. The government has continuously increased the investment in rural compulsory education, which has greatly alleviated the problem of funds that have puzzled the development of rural compulsory education for many years. However, the increase of this kind of public investment still has no system guarantee and no sustainability; At the same time, due to the accumulation of many years, there are still many problems about the public investment of rural compulsory education funds. Based on the theory of public finance, this paper studies the public investment of compulsory education funds in rural China. Firstly, it discusses the theory of public goods, the theory of public finance and the theory of compulsory education. And analyzes the compulsory education public goods attribute, this is the rural compulsory education funds public input research theory foundation. Secondly, the paper analyzes the course and present situation of the public investment in rural compulsory education in China, especially the changes of the policies and measures in the public investment of compulsory education in rural areas since the reform and opening up. This paper also analyzes the current situation of the public investment in compulsory education in rural China, and points out that the main problems of the expenditure of compulsory education are insufficient input, unbalanced input, imbalance of the main structure of expenditure, and information opacity. The existence of these problems will affect social progress and equity. Thirdly, the article analyzes the advanced experience of European and American countries. The main trend of compulsory education management in Europe and America is to move up the main body of expenditure investment, to separate responsibility and power moderately and to invest stably. Finally, aiming at the problem of public input of rural compulsory education funds, this paper puts forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of investment mechanism, transfer payment, source of funds, social supervision and legislation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：G522.3

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