【摘要】：黨的十八大高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟,確立了實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)。全面建成小康社會,建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家,實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢,歸根結(jié)底,要靠人來實(shí)現(xiàn),要靠敢于承擔(dān)并有能力完成的人即現(xiàn)代化主體來實(shí)現(xiàn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)人的現(xiàn)代化,既是實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興中國夢的重要條件,也是“以人為本”發(fā)展觀的必然要求,是我國社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的核心內(nèi)容。關(guān)注人的生存和發(fā)展,推進(jìn)和實(shí)現(xiàn)國民的現(xiàn)代化,已為當(dāng)今世界各國所重視。中國作為世界上最大的轉(zhuǎn)型和發(fā)展中國家,擁有十三億多人口和五千多年文明史,在這樣一個(gè)國家實(shí)現(xiàn)人的現(xiàn)代化,其重要意義決不限于其自身,它關(guān)乎整個(gè)人類現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程。因此,研究和探索人的現(xiàn)代化的客觀規(guī)律和實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,以人的現(xiàn)代化推進(jìn)社會現(xiàn)代化,以社會現(xiàn)代化深化和發(fā)展人的現(xiàn)代化,實(shí)現(xiàn)兩者統(tǒng)一協(xié)同并進(jìn),是我們面臨的重要課題。在人的現(xiàn)代化諸多影響因素中,教育是影響人的現(xiàn)代化的最重要因素之一,它在人的現(xiàn)代化過程中發(fā)揮著不可替代的重要作用,是開啟通往人的現(xiàn)代化大門的一把鑰匙。教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的投入、分配和有效使用是教育事業(yè)健康發(fā)展的重要保證,多年來,在黨中央、國務(wù)院正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,全黨全社會不斷加大教育投入,使我國教育事業(yè)取得了重大進(jìn)展——學(xué)前教育逐步發(fā)展,城鄉(xiāng)免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育全面實(shí)現(xiàn),高中階段入學(xué)率持續(xù)提升,現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系不斷完善,高等教育大眾化水平進(jìn)一步提高,教育公平邁出重大步伐,教育領(lǐng)域綜合改革有序推進(jìn),等等。教育的發(fā)展極大地提高了全民族素質(zhì),加快了我國從人口大國向人力資源強(qiáng)國轉(zhuǎn)變的步伐。在教育事業(yè)取得一系列成就的同時(shí),我們還需要看到,與整個(gè)教育事業(yè)健康發(fā)展所需要的經(jīng)費(fèi)保障要求相比,我國教育財(cái)政還存在一些問題,突出表現(xiàn)為教育投入的總量還不足以滿足各級各類教育的經(jīng)費(fèi)需求,教育投入的體制機(jī)制還不夠完善,教育投入對中西部等經(jīng)濟(jì)薄弱地區(qū)的傾斜力度不夠,教育投入分配結(jié)構(gòu)不盡合理,教育投入的監(jiān)督還不夠到位,等等。我國教育投入存在的這些問題,制約了教育事業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,從而也將對我國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)和人的現(xiàn)代化的實(shí)現(xiàn)形成制約。因此,必須努力加大教育投入,提升教育發(fā)展水平,加速實(shí)現(xiàn)我國人的現(xiàn)代化。本文以馬克思主義有關(guān)人的發(fā)展理論和教育理論為指導(dǎo),吸收借鑒現(xiàn)代西方學(xué)界有關(guān)理論的合理成果,分析了教育投入與人的現(xiàn)代化之間的內(nèi)在作用機(jī)理,構(gòu)建了教育投入與人的現(xiàn)代化內(nèi)在作用函數(shù)模型；總結(jié)回顧了我國教育投入的歷史,對我國教育投入的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了客觀分析；在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步分析了我國教育投入存在的問題及其成因；學(xué)習(xí)借鑒有關(guān)國家教育投入的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做法,提出加大教育投入、推進(jìn)人的現(xiàn)代化的對策與建議。
[Abstract]:The 18th National Congress of the Party held high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established the goal of achieving the "two hundred years." In the final analysis, Chinese Dream, who has built a well-off society, a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious socialist modern country and a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, has to rely on people to achieve it. Must rely on the courage to undertake and have the ability to complete, that is, the main body of modernization to achieve. The realization of human modernization is not only the important condition to realize the great rejuvenation of Chinese Dream of the Chinese nation, but also the inevitable requirement of "people-oriented" concept of development, and the core content of China's socialist modernization construction. Attention to the survival and development of human beings, to promote and realize the modernization of the people, has been attached importance to the world. As the largest transitional and developing country in the world, with a population of more than 1.3 billion and a history of more than five thousand years of civilization, the significance of realizing human modernization in such a country is not limited to itself. It concerns the whole process of human modernization. Therefore, it is an important task for us to study and explore the objective laws and ways of realizing human modernization, to promote social modernization with human modernization, to deepen and develop human modernization by social modernization, and to realize the unity and coordination of both. Education is one of the most important factors that influence the modernization of human being. It plays an irreplaceable role in the process of modernization and is the key to the modernization of man. The investment, distribution and effective use of educational funds is an important guarantee for the healthy development of educational undertakings. Over the years, under the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the whole party and society have continuously increased their educational investment. This has made great progress in our country's educational undertakings-the gradual development of pre-school education, the full realization of free compulsory education in urban and rural areas, the continuous increase in the enrolment rate in senior high schools, and the continuous improvement of the modern vocational education system. The level of popularization of higher education has been further improved, major steps have been taken towards educational fairness, and comprehensive reform in the field of education has been promoted in an orderly manner. The development of education has greatly improved the quality of the whole nation and accelerated the transition from a large population country to a powerful human resources country. While making a series of achievements in education, we also need to see that there are still some problems in education finance in our country, compared with the requirements of funding support for the healthy development of the whole education cause. The outstanding manifestations are that the total amount of investment in education is not enough to meet the needs of education at all levels and types of education, that the institutional mechanism of education investment is not perfect enough, and that the investment in education is not enough in favour of the economically weak areas such as the central and western regions. The distribution structure of educational input is unreasonable, the supervision of educational investment is not enough, etc. These problems in education investment in our country have restricted the further development of education, which will also restrict the modernization of our country and the realization of human modernization. Therefore, we must make great efforts to increase educational investment, improve the level of educational development, and accelerate the modernization of Chinese people. Under the guidance of Marxist theories on human development and education, this paper analyzes the internal mechanism between educational investment and human modernization, drawing on the reasonable results of relevant theories in modern western academic circles. This paper constructs the internal function model of educational investment and human modernization, summarizes and reviews the history of educational investment in China, and makes an objective analysis of the present situation of educational investment in China. This paper further analyzes the existing problems and causes of educational investment in China, studies and draws lessons from the advanced experiences and practices of national educational investment, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for increasing educational investment and promoting human modernization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G521
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本文編號：2248625