兒童公私觀念的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)及其與學(xué)校調(diào)適、時代變遷的關(guān)系
本文選題:道德判斷 + 公私財物損壞; 參考:《上海師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:本研究從上海市的一所幼兒園和兩所小學(xué)中,選取中班、一年級、三年級、五年級的兒童(5歲、7歲、9歲、11歲的兒童)共292名進(jìn)行公私財物損壞的訪談,了解他們的道德判斷能力;同時施測班級戲劇等問卷,,探索影響兒童道德判斷能力的因素;最后將本次研究結(jié)果與1982年的兒童道德判斷結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在行為意向性不變的情況下,5歲兒童已經(jīng)能夠根據(jù)公私財物的損壞作出好與壞的判斷,這一判斷的確定性較之30年前的兒童更為明顯;7—9歲兒童在分辨公私關(guān)系上能作出更確切的判斷;11歲兒童更為在意對私物的損壞;(2)在公私財物損壞性質(zhì)不變的情況下,5歲—11歲兒童都能根據(jù)行為的意向性來作出好壞判斷,且這種判斷能力的形成顯然是早于5歲的;(3)在公私財物損壞性質(zhì)和行為的意向性同時發(fā)生變化的情況下,每個年齡段的兒童對公私財物的判斷均讓位于其對行為意向性的判斷;(4)在兒童充當(dāng)情境故事中被損壞私人財物者的角色時,5歲—9歲中的部分兒童會由判斷損壞公物更不好轉(zhuǎn)而認(rèn)為損壞私人財物更不好,11歲的兒童中無此逆轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)象發(fā)生;(5)兒童闡述的理由表明,各年齡段兒童對公私觀念的認(rèn)知程度有所不同,從害怕懲罰、服從權(quán)威逐步轉(zhuǎn)化到關(guān)心同學(xué)、承擔(dān)集體責(zé)任的水平上,逐步提升;(6)9歲組、11歲組男生被試維護(hù)公共財物的意識與其自尊維度呈顯著正相關(guān),與其身體攻擊性也呈顯著正相關(guān);傾向于判斷有意損壞財物更不好的被試表現(xiàn)出更高的自尊;(7)兒童對公私財物的損壞存在年代效應(yīng),現(xiàn)階段的兒童在意向性不變的情況下,更加在意私人財物的損壞。
[Abstract]:In this study, 292 children of middle, first, third and fifth grades were selected from a kindergarten and two primary schools in Shanghai to interview children aged 5 years old, 7 years old, 9 years old and 11 years old. To understand their moral judgment ability; at the same time to test class drama and other questionnaires to explore the factors that affect children's moral judgment ability. Finally, to compare the results of this study with the 1982 children's moral judgment results. The results of the study show that the five-year-old child has been able to make good or bad judgments based on the damage to public and private property under the condition of constant behavior intention. The certainty of this judgment is more obvious than that of children 30 years ago. Children aged 7 to 9 can make a more accurate judgment in distinguishing between public and private relations. Children aged 11 are more concerned about damage to private property. 2) the nature of damage to public and private property remains the same. Children between the ages of 5 and 11 can make good or bad judgments according to the intentionality of the behavior. And this ability of judgment was apparently formed before the age of 5) when the nature of the damage to public and private property and the intent of the behavior changed simultaneously. Children of every age give way to their judgment of behavior intentionality. 4) when children play the role of those who have been damaged in situational stories, some children aged between 5 and 9 will be damaged by judgment. Public property is worse to think that damage to private property is worse. No reversal of this phenomenon occurs among children aged 11. Children of all ages have different levels of awareness of public and private attitudes, from fear of punishment, from authority to concern for their classmates, to collective responsibility. There was a significant positive correlation between the awareness of maintaining public property and the dimension of self-esteem, as well as the physical aggression of male students in the age group of 9 years old or 11 years old. The subjects who tend to judge that the intention to damage the property are worse show higher self-esteem) the children have the age effect on the damage of the public and private property, and the children at the present stage pay more attention to the damage of the private property under the condition of the same intention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:B844.1
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