本文選題：決策信心　切入點(diǎn)：情緒效價(jià)　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：心理學(xué)研究者一直以來都在探索大腦信息加工方面的驚人能力,如在自動(dòng)加工和直覺思維等方面。雖然通常情況下人們的認(rèn)知效率保證了人們適應(yīng)良好,但過高的認(rèn)知效率偶爾也會(huì)出錯(cuò),出現(xiàn)非理性的現(xiàn)象。例如情緒對(duì)人們的認(rèn)知的影響。 關(guān)于情緒對(duì)決策的影響,研究者最初認(rèn)為情緒是推理和決策等理性思維的破壞力量,但Berntson等人認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)太過簡單。早期的決策理論認(rèn)為“人是直覺的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家”,人們在不確定性情境下做出決策時(shí),總是尋求期望效用的最大化。所謂的效用是指人們決策過程中的判斷和估計(jì)并不是依賴于獲益本身,而是依賴于獲益后的心理滿足或愉悅程度,這種心理上的主觀體驗(yàn)被Bernouli稱之為效用。人類不是冷冰冰的計(jì)算機(jī),而是有感情的生物。研究者早就通過比較幸福和悲傷的個(gè)體揭示出了情緒在多大程度上會(huì)影響認(rèn)知活動(dòng)。情緒是人一切心理活動(dòng)的背景,能夠驅(qū)策個(gè)體做出反應(yīng),影響人的思維和行動(dòng)。情緒是影響決策的一個(gè)極為重要的因素。情緒有積極與消極之分,而不同性質(zhì)的情緒可能會(huì)對(duì)決策有不同的作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不同情緒在不確定情景下對(duì)決策具有不同的影響,消極情緒狀態(tài)下的個(gè)體容易作出悲觀的判斷和選擇,而積極情緒狀態(tài)下的個(gè)體傾向于對(duì)事物作出樂觀的判斷和選擇。 決策信心是指個(gè)體在進(jìn)行決策或判斷時(shí),對(duì)其決策最優(yōu)性或正確性的信心程度。只要人們在做決策,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生決策信心,決策信心又反過來對(duì)決策過程產(chǎn)生影響。決策信心是決策過程中認(rèn)知活動(dòng)與情緒活動(dòng)的重要橋梁,可能是決策過程中的一個(gè)基本成分。以往對(duì)決策信心的研究主要關(guān)注的是成人的決策信心。Byrnes采用傳統(tǒng)的二擇一任務(wù)范式研究兒童和成人的決策,并通過事后訪談法比較他們的決策策略和自我決策能力的信念。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),成人能比兒童做出更好的選擇,并且當(dāng)決策越復(fù)雜時(shí),這種年齡的差異就越大。因?yàn)槌扇嗽谠u(píng)估多種選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候,會(huì)比兒童使用更多的策略和信息,而且成人在選擇時(shí)的自信更高,對(duì)自己的能力有更積極的信念。因此成人的決策信心與兒童的決策信心還是有很大差異,有必要研究兒童的決策信心的發(fā)展。 本研究采用不同效價(jià)的情緒圖片誘發(fā)3年級(jí)和5年級(jí)兒童的不同情緒,考察不同效價(jià)情緒對(duì)兒童決策信心的影響。以往認(rèn)為決策活動(dòng)中人們更改自己先去選擇的次數(shù)可以反映決策者的決策信心,即更改次數(shù)越多,表明決策主體對(duì)自己所做決策效用的信心越不足,更改次數(shù)越少,表明決策主體對(duì)自己所做決策的信心越充足。本研究通過分析線條長短判斷任務(wù)中3年級(jí)兒童和5年級(jí)兒童在不同效價(jià)情緒啟動(dòng)條件下更改選擇的平均次數(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn),5年級(jí)兒童更改選擇的平均次數(shù)顯著少于3年級(jí)兒童更改選擇的次數(shù)；5年級(jí)兒童在積極情緒啟動(dòng)條件下更改選擇的平均次數(shù)顯著少于其他兩種情緒啟動(dòng)條件。結(jié)果表明5年級(jí)兒童的決策信心更大；與消極情緒和中性情緒啟動(dòng)相比,5年級(jí)兒童在積極情緒啟動(dòng)下,決策信心更大。
[Abstract]:Researchers have been exploring the amazing ability of brain information processing, such as automatic processing and intuitive thinking. Although usually under the people's cognitive efficiency to ensure the people to adapt to the good, but the high cognitive efficiency would occasionally go wrong, irrational phenomenon. Such as emotional impact on people's cognition.
On the effect of emotion on decision-making, the researchers initially thought that emotion is the destructive power of reasoning and decision making of rational thinking, but Berntson and others believe that this view is too simple. Early decision theory that "man is intuitive statisticians", people make decisions in uncertain situations, always seek the expected utility maximization. The utility means that the decision-making process of judgment and estimate does not depend on the benefit itself, but depends on the benefit after the psychological satisfaction or pleasure degree, the psychological subjective experience is called Bernouli effect. Human is not cold computer, but there are emotional creatures. Researchers already through comparison of individual happiness and sadness reveals the extent to which the mood will affect the cognitive activities. Emotion is all mental activity in the background, to urge individual response, influence People's thinking and action. The mood is a decision is the most important factor. The mood of positive and negative points, different emotions may have different effects on decision-making. The study found that different emotions in uncertain situations have different influence on decision-making, negative emotional state of the individual to make a pessimistic judgment and choice, and the individual tendency of positive emotional state to make optimistic judgment and choice of things.
Decision making confidence is that the individual in the decision or judgment, the degree of confidence in its decision optimality or validity. As long as people to make decisions, will have confidence in the decision-making, decision-making confidence, in turn have an influence on the decision making decision. Confidence is an important bridge between cognition and emotion in the decision-making process, may be a the basic components of the decision-making process. Previous research on decision confidence was the main concern of decision confidence.Byrnes adult task paradigm of children and adults using the traditional two selection decision, and through the interview method to compare their decision strategy and decision-making confidence. Results showed that adults can make better than children the choice, and when the decision is more complex, this age difference is bigger. When the adult in the evaluation of a variety of options, will use strategies and more information than children, and Adults are more confident in their choice and have more positive beliefs about their abilities. Therefore, adults' decision-making confidence is quite different from children's decision-making confidence, so it is necessary to study the development of children's decision-making confidence.
This study uses emotional pictures evoked different valence of different emotions in grade 3 and 5 grade children, the influence of different emotions on children's confidence in the decision-making. The past that people in decision to choose their first number change can reflect the decision that changed more confidence, more often, that decision subject to what he is doing the utility decision confidence is insufficient, the less the amount of change, that decision subject make decision more confidence. Through the analysis of line length judgment the average number of children of grade 3 and 5 grade children tasks change the selection in different valence emotion priming conditions, the average number of children of grade 5 significantly change the selection the number of children less than 3 grade change selection; average number of 5 graders choose to change the starting in the positive emotions under the condition of significantly less than the other two kinds of emotion and The results showed that children in Grade 5 had greater confidence in decision-making. Compared with negative emotion and neutral emotion, children in Grade 5 had more confidence in decision-making under positive emotion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G444

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 張鑫;;情境視角下兒童角色與眾人行為一致性對(duì)從眾行為的影響[J];天津市教科院學(xué)報(bào);2010年02期

2 方平,李英武;情緒對(duì)決策的影響機(jī)制及實(shí)驗(yàn)范式的研究進(jìn)展[J];心理科學(xué);2005年05期

3 莊錦英;情緒與決策的關(guān)系[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2003年04期

4 陳晶;袁文萍;馮廷勇;李紅;;決策信心的認(rèn)知機(jī)制與神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2010年04期

5 宋靈青;李玉環(huán);劉儒德;;情緒與認(rèn)知方式對(duì)決策的影響[J];中國臨床心理學(xué)雜志;2010年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馮廷勇;一種不確定情境中決策過程的認(rèn)知與神經(jīng)機(jī)制研究[D];西南大學(xué);2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 陳晶;決策信心的認(rèn)知與神經(jīng)機(jī)制研究[D];西南大學(xué);2011年

2 宋建秀;任務(wù)類型與時(shí)間壓力對(duì)決策過程的影響研究[D];河北師范大學(xué);2011年

3 徐輝;情緒對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策和判斷的影響的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2005年

，

本文編號(hào)：1703714