【摘要】：大學(xué)生是國(guó)家的寶貴人力資源,更是一個(gè)國(guó)家的未來(lái)。然而,當(dāng)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)保持平穩(wěn)發(fā)展,而大學(xué)不斷迅猛擴(kuò)招,大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的數(shù)量迅速增多,大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后的安然就業(yè)很快演變?yōu)椤爱厴I(yè)等于失業(yè)”的窘迫局面,大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題已成為我國(guó)當(dāng)今高等教育和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中一個(gè)越來(lái)越突出的社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。大學(xué)生就業(yè)難不僅僅關(guān)系到大學(xué)生個(gè)人的生存問(wèn)題,還關(guān)系千家萬(wàn)戶的切身利益,更關(guān)系到整個(gè)社會(huì)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步與和諧穩(wěn)定。因此大學(xué)生就業(yè)難的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)引起了全社會(huì)各界的高度重視。 本文主要針對(duì)我國(guó)大學(xué)生就業(yè)難的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行政策方面的研究,試圖探討面對(duì)大學(xué)生這樣一個(gè)具有高學(xué)歷高素質(zhì)、又有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ囊粋�(gè)特殊群體,政策方面存在的哪些問(wèn)題,導(dǎo)致了大學(xué)生的就業(yè)壓力。對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)難的成因從政府政策方面進(jìn)行了全面剖析,研究大學(xué)生就業(yè)難的問(wèn)題并接著提出解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵不僅是一項(xiàng)應(yīng)該完成的任務(wù),更是我們建設(shè)完全市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的關(guān)鍵所在。 本文的概念界定包括就業(yè)與大學(xué)生就業(yè)的概念,詳細(xì)介紹了就業(yè)政策與大學(xué)生就業(yè)政策,大學(xué)生就業(yè)政策是我國(guó)關(guān)于勞動(dòng)力整體就業(yè)政策的一個(gè)重要組成部分。大學(xué)生就業(yè)政策可以分為元政策、具體政策和匹配政策三種,其發(fā)展演變是一個(gè)歷史過(guò)程,總是與當(dāng)時(shí)的生產(chǎn)力水平和國(guó)家的指導(dǎo)思想保持一致性,這里我們主要概括了我國(guó)大學(xué)生就業(yè)政策的統(tǒng)包統(tǒng)分階段、雙向選擇階段以及以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的自主擇業(yè)階段三個(gè)階段,并且對(duì)每個(gè)階段的政策作描述并進(jìn)行制定政策的依據(jù)方面的分析研究,指出在每個(gè)階段出現(xiàn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足。 對(duì)當(dāng)前大學(xué)生就業(yè)政策問(wèn)題分析是我們的主要研究方向,我們認(rèn)為,大學(xué)生就業(yè)元政策的阻礙、大學(xué)生就業(yè)具體政策的偏離和大學(xué)生就業(yè)匹配政策的缺損,是大學(xué)生就業(yè)政策的主要問(wèn)題。具體而言,在元政策方面,主要表現(xiàn)為漠視基本權(quán)利、造成政策沖突、缺乏執(zhí)行指導(dǎo)等問(wèn)題；在具體政策方面,主要表現(xiàn)為政策結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、政策互動(dòng)不充分、政策涵蓋不全面等問(wèn)題；在匹配政策方面,主要表現(xiàn)為政策培訓(xùn)不完備、政策推介不到位和政策激勵(lì)不深入等問(wèn)題。 研究大學(xué)生就業(yè)難的問(wèn)題不是中國(guó)獨(dú)有的問(wèn)題,諸多國(guó)家乃至發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題上也存在困境,如何借鑒他們解決問(wèn)題的政策思路,對(duì)我們不無(wú)裨益。通過(guò)對(duì)政策問(wèn)題成因上進(jìn)行分析和對(duì)國(guó)外就業(yè)政策的借鑒,我們提出的建議包括調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)政策、實(shí)行適度擴(kuò)招政策、完善創(chuàng)業(yè)支持政策、提供勞動(dòng)保障服務(wù)政策等,力求緩解供求矛盾、建立多元化人才培養(yǎng)體制、提升大學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)、創(chuàng)新就業(yè)指導(dǎo)教育,提高大學(xué)生就業(yè)成功率。
[Abstract]:College students are the precious human resources of the country, but also the future of a country. However, with the steady development of the job market and the rapid expansion of university enrollment, the number of college graduates has rapidly increased, and the employment of college students at Enron has quickly evolved into a difficult situation of "graduation equals unemployment". The employment of college students has become an increasingly prominent social hot issue in the development of higher education and social economy. The difficult employment of college students is not only related to the individual survival of college students, but also to the vital interests of thousands of families, but also to the development and progress of the whole society and harmony and stability. Therefore, the difficult employment of college students has aroused great attention from all walks of life. This article mainly aims at our country university student employment difficulty phenomenon carries on the policy aspect research, attempts to probe into the university student such as the university student has the high education, the high quality, but also has the development potential special group, which policy aspect existence question, Led to the employment pressure of college students. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the causes of college students' employment difficulties from the aspects of government policies, studies the problems of college students' employment difficulties, and then puts forward that the key to solving the problems is not only a task that should be completed, It is also the key to the construction of a complete market economy society. This paper defines the concept of employment and college students' employment, and introduces the employment policy and college student employment policy in detail. The employment policy of college students is an important part of the overall employment policy of labor force in our country. The employment policy for college students can be divided into three types: meta-policy, specific policy and matching policy. Its development and evolution is a historical process, which is always consistent with the level of productivity and the guiding ideology of the country at that time. Here, we mainly summarize the three stages of the employment policy of college students in our country, that is, the whole process of employment policy, the two-way choice stage and the market-oriented self-employment stage. And describe the policy of each stage and carry on the analysis of the basis of making the policy, and point out the advantages and disadvantages of each stage. It is our main research direction to analyze the current employment policy of college students. We think that the hindrance of employment meta-policy of college students, the deviation of specific policies of employment of college students and the defect of matching policies of employment of college students. It is the main problem of college students' employment policy. Specifically, in terms of meta-policy, the main manifestations are disregard for basic rights, resulting in policy conflicts, lack of implementation guidance and other issues; In terms of specific policies, the main performance is that the policy structure is unreasonable, the policy interaction is inadequate, and the policy coverage is not comprehensive and so on. In terms of matching policy, policy training is incomplete, policy promotion is not in place and policy incentives are not in-depth. It is not a unique problem in China to study the difficult employment of college students. Many countries and even developed countries also have difficulties in the employment of college students. How to use their policy ideas for reference to solve the problems is of great benefit to us. Through the analysis of the causes of the policy problems and the reference to foreign employment policies, our suggestions include adjusting the industrial structure policy, implementing the appropriate enrollment expansion policy, perfecting the entrepreneurial support policy, and providing labor security service policy, etc. Strive to ease the contradiction between supply and demand, establish a diversified talent training system, improve the comprehensive quality of college students, innovation of employment guidance education, improve the success rate of employment of college students.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G647.38

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 嚴(yán)明;深化畢業(yè)生就業(yè)制度改革主動(dòng)面向國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)[J];成都電子機(jī)械高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);1999年03期

2 孫慶斌;高校就業(yè)政策調(diào)整與就業(yè)觀念轉(zhuǎn)變[J];哈爾濱學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2004年06期

3 王保義;;大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題與對(duì)策的深層次分析[J];黑龍江高教研究;2007年12期

4 李民;肖旭東;;元政策視角下科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的價(jià)值分析[J];江漢論壇;2009年11期

5 吳蔚;;透視中國(guó)高校就業(yè)率[J];教育與職業(yè);2006年31期

6 周建民,陳令霞;淺析我國(guó)大學(xué)生就業(yè)政策的歷史演變[J];遼寧工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年01期

7 閻小平;;就業(yè)取向視角下的大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題研究——以南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)為例[J];南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年01期

8 杜靜靜;;江蘇地區(qū)大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析[J];無(wú)錫商業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年01期

9 樓世洲;;我國(guó)近代工業(yè)化進(jìn)程和職業(yè)教育制度嬗變的歷史考察[J];教育學(xué)報(bào);2007年01期

10 張洪亮;張艷麗;;經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角下的女大學(xué)生就業(yè)難探析[J];中國(guó)科技信息;2011年07期

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前8條

1 主持人 本報(bào)記者 張瑩;[N];貴州日?qǐng)?bào);2010年

2 肖國(guó)忠;[N];光明日?qǐng)?bào);2007年

3 本報(bào)記者 殷泓;[N];光明日?qǐng)?bào);2009年

4 記者 曉燕　和平 保林 張磊;[N];湖北日?qǐng)?bào);2010年

5 記者 任德京;[N];蘭州日?qǐng)?bào);2009年

6 本報(bào)記者 張靜;[N];北京人才市場(chǎng)報(bào);2009年

7 本報(bào)評(píng)論員 梅松武;[N];四川日?qǐng)?bào);2009年

8 記者 呂禹　通訊員 孫和晴;[N];紹興日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 付云蛟;某大學(xué)商學(xué)院畢業(yè)生就業(yè)影響因素的實(shí)證研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2010年

2 趙志偉;河南省大學(xué)生就業(yè)狀況與就業(yè)政策研究[D];河南大學(xué);2011年

3 山世泰;大連市農(nóng)村基層公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2011年

4 孫之光;政府扶持大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題的研究[D];吉林財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2010年

5 項(xiàng)偉;浙江省大學(xué)生就業(yè)景氣指數(shù)研究[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2011年

6 楊元妍;我國(guó)大學(xué)生就業(yè)政策研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2007年

7 徐曉艷;建國(guó)以來(lái)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)政策的歷史演進(jìn)與現(xiàn)狀分析[D];蘇州大學(xué);2007年

8 彭霞;大學(xué)生就業(yè)政策在獨(dú)立學(xué)院學(xué)生就業(yè)中的執(zhí)行偏差及對(duì)策[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2009年

9 王U，

本文編號(hào)：2434101