大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題的政府對(duì)策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-27 06:55
【摘要】：隨著改革開(kāi)放的不斷深入,由“計(jì)劃分配”轉(zhuǎn)換為“自主擇業(yè)”的大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為目前全社會(huì)都在關(guān)注的一個(gè)突出問(wèn)題,也是黨和政府高度重視的問(wèn)題。尤其是近年來(lái),經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)入了實(shí)質(zhì)性階段、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的不斷升級(jí)和調(diào)整、農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力的大規(guī)模轉(zhuǎn)移、國(guó)有企業(yè)和集體企業(yè)的“兩個(gè)置換”、高等院校的連續(xù)擴(kuò)招等,使我國(guó)始終處于失業(yè)高峰階段。大規(guī)模失業(yè)群體的產(chǎn)生對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治帶來(lái)了多方面的影響。因此,研究大學(xué)生的就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀、成因以及政府出臺(tái)的相關(guān)政策,對(duì)于促進(jìn)大學(xué)生的和諧發(fā)展、提高高等教育質(zhì)量、加速實(shí)施人才強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略、推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)全面協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,無(wú)疑具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 在梳理、探討過(guò)程中,本文的研究思路也逐漸清晰。本文從四個(gè)部分對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題的政府對(duì)策進(jìn)行了研究： 第一部分,首先分析并導(dǎo)出了我國(guó)大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題,為后續(xù)提出大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題的政府對(duì)策提供了客觀研究依據(jù)。 第二部分,對(duì)解決大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題已有的政府對(duì)策進(jìn)行了分析,得出我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展、體制改革及收入分配制度的不健全,是影響大學(xué)生就業(yè)的主要行政環(huán)境因素。其次,分析了高等教育的快速發(fā)展、大學(xué)擴(kuò)招政策的實(shí)施以及大學(xué)生本人的就業(yè)觀念對(duì)就業(yè)的影響,得出由于擴(kuò)招的速度過(guò)快,使高校在設(shè)置專業(yè)時(shí),過(guò)度的盲目,從而導(dǎo)致大學(xué)生供需矛盾更為突出。此外大學(xué)生本人的就業(yè)觀念轉(zhuǎn)變不到位也是影響其就業(yè)的主要原因。 第三部分,對(duì)美國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本、印度這幾個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家在解決大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題時(shí),政府所采取的對(duì)策進(jìn)行了比較,并由此提出了對(duì)我國(guó)的幾點(diǎn)啟示：即在今后解決我國(guó)大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題上,也應(yīng)消除勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的不合理制度、加大大學(xué)生就業(yè)的調(diào)控力度、使大學(xué)生就業(yè)流向均衡化、鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生到條件艱苦地區(qū)就業(yè)、加大全國(guó)大學(xué)生就業(yè)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的覆蓋范圍,使大學(xué)生與用人單位之間的就業(yè)信息保持暢通,并及時(shí)給予大學(xué)生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)的建議。 第四部分,在前三部分分析論述的基礎(chǔ)上,從五個(gè)方面闡述了政府在解決大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問(wèn)題時(shí)所采取的相關(guān)對(duì)策建議,其中適時(shí)地和創(chuàng)新性地提出了要著力完善大學(xué)生就業(yè)預(yù)警機(jī)制,即建立專門(mén)的大學(xué)生就業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)部門(mén),對(duì)大學(xué)生的就業(yè)情況以及社會(huì)上對(duì)大學(xué)生所學(xué)專業(yè)的需求情況進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,使大學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)專業(yè)的就業(yè)前景,有較為清晰的認(rèn)識(shí),以便及時(shí)調(diào)整擇業(yè)方向,以此來(lái)促進(jìn)就業(yè)。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up, the difficult problem of college students' employment, which is transformed from "plan distribution" to "self-employment", has become a prominent problem that the whole society is paying close attention to, and it is also a problem that the Party and the government attach great importance to. In particular, in recent years, the economic transformation has entered a substantial stage, with the continuous upgrading and adjustment of the industrial structure, the large-scale transfer of rural surplus labor, the "two replacements" of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises, and the continuous expansion of enrollment in institutions of higher learning. Make our country always in unemployment peak stage. The emergence of mass unemployment has brought many influences to our social economy and politics. Therefore, the study of the present employment situation of college students, the causes and the relevant policies issued by the government will promote the harmonious development of college students, improve the quality of higher education, accelerate the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by talents, and promote the overall and coordinated development of the economy and society. There is no doubt of important theoretical and practical significance. In the process of combing and discussing, the research ideas of this paper are also gradually clear. This article has carried on the research from four parts to the university student employment difficulty question government countermeasure: the first part, has analyzed and derived our country university student employment difficulty question first, It provides an objective research basis for the government countermeasures to the problem of college students'employment difficulties. In the second part, the author analyzes the existing government countermeasures to solve the problem of college students' employment, and points out that the unceasing development of our economy, the reform of the system and the imperfection of the income distribution system are the main administrative environmental factors that affect the employment of college students. Secondly, it analyzes the rapid development of higher education, the implementation of university enrollment expansion policy and the employment concept of college students themselves to the impact of employment, it is concluded that the speed of enrollment expansion is too fast, so that colleges and universities in the establishment of professional, excessive blindness. As a result, the contradiction between supply and demand of college students is more prominent. In addition, the change of employment concept of college students is also the main reason of affecting their employment. The third part compares the countermeasures taken by the governments of the United States, Germany, Japan, India and other developed and developing countries in solving the problem of university students' employment difficulties. From this, the author puts forward some enlightenment to our country: in order to solve the problem of college students' employment in the future, we should also eliminate the unreasonable system of labor market, strengthen the regulation and control of college students' employment, and make the flow of college students' employment equalize. To encourage college students to find employment in difficult areas, to enlarge the coverage of national university students' employment information network, to keep the employment information between college students and employers unblocked, and to give them employment guidance in time. The fourth part, on the basis of the analysis of the first three parts, expounds the relevant countermeasures and suggestions taken by the government in solving the problem of college students' employment difficulties from five aspects. Among them, timely and innovatively put forward to improve the early warning mechanism of college students' employment, that is, to establish a special employment statistics department for college students. This paper makes a statistical analysis of the employment situation of college students and the needs of the majors they have studied in society, so that they can have a clear understanding of the employment prospects of the majors they have learned, so as to adjust the orientation of choosing a job in time and thus promote employment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G647.38
本文編號(hào)：2359766
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up, the difficult problem of college students' employment, which is transformed from "plan distribution" to "self-employment", has become a prominent problem that the whole society is paying close attention to, and it is also a problem that the Party and the government attach great importance to. In particular, in recent years, the economic transformation has entered a substantial stage, with the continuous upgrading and adjustment of the industrial structure, the large-scale transfer of rural surplus labor, the "two replacements" of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises, and the continuous expansion of enrollment in institutions of higher learning. Make our country always in unemployment peak stage. The emergence of mass unemployment has brought many influences to our social economy and politics. Therefore, the study of the present employment situation of college students, the causes and the relevant policies issued by the government will promote the harmonious development of college students, improve the quality of higher education, accelerate the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by talents, and promote the overall and coordinated development of the economy and society. There is no doubt of important theoretical and practical significance. In the process of combing and discussing, the research ideas of this paper are also gradually clear. This article has carried on the research from four parts to the university student employment difficulty question government countermeasure: the first part, has analyzed and derived our country university student employment difficulty question first, It provides an objective research basis for the government countermeasures to the problem of college students'employment difficulties. In the second part, the author analyzes the existing government countermeasures to solve the problem of college students' employment, and points out that the unceasing development of our economy, the reform of the system and the imperfection of the income distribution system are the main administrative environmental factors that affect the employment of college students. Secondly, it analyzes the rapid development of higher education, the implementation of university enrollment expansion policy and the employment concept of college students themselves to the impact of employment, it is concluded that the speed of enrollment expansion is too fast, so that colleges and universities in the establishment of professional, excessive blindness. As a result, the contradiction between supply and demand of college students is more prominent. In addition, the change of employment concept of college students is also the main reason of affecting their employment. The third part compares the countermeasures taken by the governments of the United States, Germany, Japan, India and other developed and developing countries in solving the problem of university students' employment difficulties. From this, the author puts forward some enlightenment to our country: in order to solve the problem of college students' employment in the future, we should also eliminate the unreasonable system of labor market, strengthen the regulation and control of college students' employment, and make the flow of college students' employment equalize. To encourage college students to find employment in difficult areas, to enlarge the coverage of national university students' employment information network, to keep the employment information between college students and employers unblocked, and to give them employment guidance in time. The fourth part, on the basis of the analysis of the first three parts, expounds the relevant countermeasures and suggestions taken by the government in solving the problem of college students' employment difficulties from five aspects. Among them, timely and innovatively put forward to improve the early warning mechanism of college students' employment, that is, to establish a special employment statistics department for college students. This paper makes a statistical analysis of the employment situation of college students and the needs of the majors they have studied in society, so that they can have a clear understanding of the employment prospects of the majors they have learned, so as to adjust the orientation of choosing a job in time and thus promote employment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G647.38
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