大學生就業(yè)難問題的政府對策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-27 06:55
【摘要】：隨著改革開放的不斷深入,由“計劃分配”轉(zhuǎn)換為“自主擇業(yè)”的大學生就業(yè)難問題已經(jīng)成為目前全社會都在關(guān)注的一個突出問題,也是黨和政府高度重視的問題。尤其是近年來,經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型進入了實質(zhì)性階段、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的不斷升級和調(diào)整、農(nóng)村剩余勞動力的大規(guī)模轉(zhuǎn)移、國有企業(yè)和集體企業(yè)的“兩個置換”、高等院校的連續(xù)擴招等,使我國始終處于失業(yè)高峰階段。大規(guī)模失業(yè)群體的產(chǎn)生對我國社會經(jīng)濟、政治帶來了多方面的影響。因此,研究大學生的就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀、成因以及政府出臺的相關(guān)政策,對于促進大學生的和諧發(fā)展、提高高等教育質(zhì)量、加速實施人才強國戰(zhàn)略、推動經(jīng)濟社會全面協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,無疑具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。 在梳理、探討過程中,本文的研究思路也逐漸清晰。本文從四個部分對大學生就業(yè)難問題的政府對策進行了研究： 第一部分,首先分析并導出了我國大學生就業(yè)難問題,為后續(xù)提出大學生就業(yè)難問題的政府對策提供了客觀研究依據(jù)。 第二部分,對解決大學生就業(yè)難問題已有的政府對策進行了分析,得出我國經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展、體制改革及收入分配制度的不健全,是影響大學生就業(yè)的主要行政環(huán)境因素。其次,分析了高等教育的快速發(fā)展、大學擴招政策的實施以及大學生本人的就業(yè)觀念對就業(yè)的影響,得出由于擴招的速度過快,使高校在設(shè)置專業(yè)時,過度的盲目,從而導致大學生供需矛盾更為突出。此外大學生本人的就業(yè)觀念轉(zhuǎn)變不到位也是影響其就業(yè)的主要原因。 第三部分,對美國、德國、日本、印度這幾個發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家在解決大學生就業(yè)難問題時,政府所采取的對策進行了比較,并由此提出了對我國的幾點啟示：即在今后解決我國大學生就業(yè)難問題上,也應消除勞動力市場的不合理制度、加大大學生就業(yè)的調(diào)控力度、使大學生就業(yè)流向均衡化、鼓勵大學生到條件艱苦地區(qū)就業(yè)、加大全國大學生就業(yè)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的覆蓋范圍,使大學生與用人單位之間的就業(yè)信息保持暢通,并及時給予大學生就業(yè)指導的建議。 第四部分,在前三部分分析論述的基礎(chǔ)上,從五個方面闡述了政府在解決大學生就業(yè)難問題時所采取的相關(guān)對策建議,其中適時地和創(chuàng)新性地提出了要著力完善大學生就業(yè)預警機制,即建立專門的大學生就業(yè)統(tǒng)計部門,對大學生的就業(yè)情況以及社會上對大學生所學專業(yè)的需求情況進行統(tǒng)計分析,使大學生對所學專業(yè)的就業(yè)前景,有較為清晰的認識,以便及時調(diào)整擇業(yè)方向,以此來促進就業(yè)。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up, the difficult problem of college students' employment, which is transformed from "plan distribution" to "self-employment", has become a prominent problem that the whole society is paying close attention to, and it is also a problem that the Party and the government attach great importance to. In particular, in recent years, the economic transformation has entered a substantial stage, with the continuous upgrading and adjustment of the industrial structure, the large-scale transfer of rural surplus labor, the "two replacements" of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises, and the continuous expansion of enrollment in institutions of higher learning. Make our country always in unemployment peak stage. The emergence of mass unemployment has brought many influences to our social economy and politics. Therefore, the study of the present employment situation of college students, the causes and the relevant policies issued by the government will promote the harmonious development of college students, improve the quality of higher education, accelerate the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by talents, and promote the overall and coordinated development of the economy and society. There is no doubt of important theoretical and practical significance. In the process of combing and discussing, the research ideas of this paper are also gradually clear. This article has carried on the research from four parts to the university student employment difficulty question government countermeasure: the first part, has analyzed and derived our country university student employment difficulty question first, It provides an objective research basis for the government countermeasures to the problem of college students'employment difficulties. In the second part, the author analyzes the existing government countermeasures to solve the problem of college students' employment, and points out that the unceasing development of our economy, the reform of the system and the imperfection of the income distribution system are the main administrative environmental factors that affect the employment of college students. Secondly, it analyzes the rapid development of higher education, the implementation of university enrollment expansion policy and the employment concept of college students themselves to the impact of employment, it is concluded that the speed of enrollment expansion is too fast, so that colleges and universities in the establishment of professional, excessive blindness. As a result, the contradiction between supply and demand of college students is more prominent. In addition, the change of employment concept of college students is also the main reason of affecting their employment. The third part compares the countermeasures taken by the governments of the United States, Germany, Japan, India and other developed and developing countries in solving the problem of university students' employment difficulties. From this, the author puts forward some enlightenment to our country: in order to solve the problem of college students' employment in the future, we should also eliminate the unreasonable system of labor market, strengthen the regulation and control of college students' employment, and make the flow of college students' employment equalize. To encourage college students to find employment in difficult areas, to enlarge the coverage of national university students' employment information network, to keep the employment information between college students and employers unblocked, and to give them employment guidance in time. The fourth part, on the basis of the analysis of the first three parts, expounds the relevant countermeasures and suggestions taken by the government in solving the problem of college students' employment difficulties from five aspects. Among them, timely and innovatively put forward to improve the early warning mechanism of college students' employment, that is, to establish a special employment statistics department for college students. This paper makes a statistical analysis of the employment situation of college students and the needs of the majors they have studied in society, so that they can have a clear understanding of the employment prospects of the majors they have learned, so as to adjust the orientation of choosing a job in time and thus promote employment.
【學位授予單位】：長春工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G647.38
本文編號：2359766
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up, the difficult problem of college students' employment, which is transformed from "plan distribution" to "self-employment", has become a prominent problem that the whole society is paying close attention to, and it is also a problem that the Party and the government attach great importance to. In particular, in recent years, the economic transformation has entered a substantial stage, with the continuous upgrading and adjustment of the industrial structure, the large-scale transfer of rural surplus labor, the "two replacements" of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises, and the continuous expansion of enrollment in institutions of higher learning. Make our country always in unemployment peak stage. The emergence of mass unemployment has brought many influences to our social economy and politics. Therefore, the study of the present employment situation of college students, the causes and the relevant policies issued by the government will promote the harmonious development of college students, improve the quality of higher education, accelerate the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by talents, and promote the overall and coordinated development of the economy and society. There is no doubt of important theoretical and practical significance. In the process of combing and discussing, the research ideas of this paper are also gradually clear. This article has carried on the research from four parts to the university student employment difficulty question government countermeasure: the first part, has analyzed and derived our country university student employment difficulty question first, It provides an objective research basis for the government countermeasures to the problem of college students'employment difficulties. In the second part, the author analyzes the existing government countermeasures to solve the problem of college students' employment, and points out that the unceasing development of our economy, the reform of the system and the imperfection of the income distribution system are the main administrative environmental factors that affect the employment of college students. Secondly, it analyzes the rapid development of higher education, the implementation of university enrollment expansion policy and the employment concept of college students themselves to the impact of employment, it is concluded that the speed of enrollment expansion is too fast, so that colleges and universities in the establishment of professional, excessive blindness. As a result, the contradiction between supply and demand of college students is more prominent. In addition, the change of employment concept of college students is also the main reason of affecting their employment. The third part compares the countermeasures taken by the governments of the United States, Germany, Japan, India and other developed and developing countries in solving the problem of university students' employment difficulties. From this, the author puts forward some enlightenment to our country: in order to solve the problem of college students' employment in the future, we should also eliminate the unreasonable system of labor market, strengthen the regulation and control of college students' employment, and make the flow of college students' employment equalize. To encourage college students to find employment in difficult areas, to enlarge the coverage of national university students' employment information network, to keep the employment information between college students and employers unblocked, and to give them employment guidance in time. The fourth part, on the basis of the analysis of the first three parts, expounds the relevant countermeasures and suggestions taken by the government in solving the problem of college students' employment difficulties from five aspects. Among them, timely and innovatively put forward to improve the early warning mechanism of college students' employment, that is, to establish a special employment statistics department for college students. This paper makes a statistical analysis of the employment situation of college students and the needs of the majors they have studied in society, so that they can have a clear understanding of the employment prospects of the majors they have learned, so as to adjust the orientation of choosing a job in time and thus promote employment.
【學位授予單位】：長春工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G647.38
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