【摘要】：在過(guò)去的20年當(dāng)中，中國(guó)經(jīng)歷過(guò)一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展的階段：大學(xué)生越來(lái)越多，勞動(dòng)工資越來(lái)越好，正不斷向發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家靠攏，與此同時(shí)就業(yè)狀況也變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜。目前，就業(yè)問(wèn)題已成為我國(guó)嚴(yán)峻的話題之一。中國(guó)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生尋找工作時(shí)，面臨越來(lái)越多的困難。確實(shí)，20年之前，大學(xué)生畢業(yè)初次就業(yè)工資超過(guò)未上過(guò)大學(xué)學(xué)生初次就業(yè)工資的2到3倍。但到目前為止，此差別逐年減少，在一些城市，已經(jīng)不超過(guò)1倍。 而隨著沈穎的提醒，大學(xué)生已陷入“鏡花水月”的尷尬境地。確實(shí)，獲得大學(xué)畢業(yè)證現(xiàn)在已無(wú)法保障財(cái)富的未來(lái)。因?yàn)?0年前，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生都會(huì)找到好工作，所以許多父母都認(rèn)為如果孩子考上大學(xué)，會(huì)對(duì)父母帶來(lái)回報(bào)。而現(xiàn)在大學(xué)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)狀況比以前有很大的變化，他們?nèi)浴跋輰W(xué)債泥潭”。 在過(guò)去的10年中，眾多科學(xué)研究者討論過(guò)我國(guó)面臨的嚴(yán)峻就業(yè)問(wèn)題與經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)（陳維政，李貴卿，張得志，權(quán)衡，，張海燕，白玲等）。其中，陳維政和李貴卿（2007）表明大學(xué)生比其他勞動(dòng)者面臨更多的就業(yè)阻礙。勞動(dòng)社會(huì)保障部一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，2006年進(jìn)城農(nóng)民工月薪平均預(yù)期是1100多元，而應(yīng)屆大學(xué)畢業(yè)生對(duì)月薪的平均預(yù)期僅為1000元。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)現(xiàn)象可能會(huì)降低民眾教育投入的熱情，中國(guó)政府應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎處理它。林毓銘（2006）找到這個(gè)形勢(shì)有著四個(gè)主要原因。（一）大學(xué)畢業(yè)生供給市場(chǎng)大幅超過(guò)需求市場(chǎng)，嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)。受教育越多，受教育者對(duì)職業(yè)要求越高，失業(yè)率越高。（二）低薪酬與就業(yè)需求結(jié)構(gòu)及就業(yè)觀念聯(lián)系在一起。（三）低薪酬水平與大學(xué)生缺乏工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)聯(lián)系在一起。（四）低薪酬水平與高校專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整不力聯(lián)系在一起。 但在這些文獻(xiàn)中，絕大多數(shù)沒(méi)仔細(xì)研究過(guò)此現(xiàn)象本身的原因，只提出一些解決問(wèn)題的方式。他們還缺乏定量的分析與科學(xué)性。從科學(xué)層次來(lái)看，到目前為止，還沒(méi)有任何學(xué)者研究過(guò)大學(xué)生低工資與失業(yè)的問(wèn)題。 所以，借用林毓銘的成果及意見(jiàn)，本研究的目標(biāo)就是探討初次就業(yè)薪水差別與失業(yè)率轉(zhuǎn)變的狀況，按不同行業(yè)，不同學(xué)歷，分類討論，通過(guò)詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù)分析，找到本現(xiàn)象的原因以及改善畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的情況。
[Abstract]:In the past 20 years, China has experienced a period of rapid economic development: more and more college students, better wages and closer to developed countries, meanwhile, the employment situation is becoming more and more complex. At present, the employment problem has become one of the severe topics in our country. Chinese college graduates face more and more difficulties in finding jobs. Indeed, 20 years ago, college graduates earned more than two to three times as much as unattended college graduates. But so far, the difference has declined year by year, and in some cities it has not more than doubled. But with Shen Ying's reminding, the university student has already fallen into "the mirror flower water moon" the awkward situation. Indeed, getting a college diploma now does not guarantee the future of wealth. Since college graduates would have found good jobs 20 years ago, many parents believe that if their children are admitted to college, they will pay off. The employment situation of college graduates has changed a lot, and they are still stuck in school debt. In the past 10 years, many scientific researchers have discussed the severe employment problem and economic situation faced by China (Chen Weizheng, Li Guiqing, Zhang Dezhi, trade-offs, Zhang Haiyan, Bai Ling, etc.). Among them, Chen Weizheng and Li Guiqing (2007) show that college students face more obstacles to employment than other workers. According to a survey by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the average monthly salary of migrant workers in 2006 was 1100 yuan, while that of fresh college graduates was only 1000 yuan. The Chinese government should deal with it with caution, because it may reduce the enthusiasm of public education. Lin Yuming (2006) found the situation for four main reasons. (1) the supply market for college graduates exceeds the demand market by a large margin. The higher the education, the higher the job demand and the higher the unemployment rate. (2) low pay is associated with the structure of employment demand and the concept of employment. (3) the low salary level is associated with the lack of work experience of college students. (4) low salary level is associated with weak adjustment of professional structure in colleges and universities. However, most of these literatures have not studied the cause of this phenomenon, but only put forward some ways to solve the problem. They also lack quantitative analysis and science. From the scientific level, so far, no scholars have studied the problem of low wages and unemployment of college students. Therefore, based on Lin's achievements and opinions, the purpose of this study is to explore the changes in the wage gap and the unemployment rate in the first employment, to discuss the difference between the salary and the unemployment rate according to different industries, different degrees of education, and to analyze the data in detail. Find out the causes of this phenomenon and improve the employment of graduates.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G647.38;F249.24

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