【摘要】：創(chuàng)業(yè)動機(jī)是創(chuàng)業(yè)者為了達(dá)到某一特定目的，在創(chuàng)業(yè)初始期形成的一種有計(jì)劃、有目標(biāo)的想法或行為。它在創(chuàng)業(yè)過程中始終指導(dǎo)著創(chuàng)業(yè)的展開，是推動創(chuàng)業(yè)者實(shí)施創(chuàng)業(yè)活動的初始動力和內(nèi)在激發(fā)點(diǎn)。大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)者思維敏捷、想法獨(dú)特，，各種創(chuàng)業(yè)動機(jī)層出不窮，但是在創(chuàng)業(yè)過程中容易受到周圍環(huán)境的影響。本文試圖找出大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動機(jī)的和創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)和聯(lián)系，思考優(yōu)化創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境的方法，以鼓勵更多的大學(xué)生走上創(chuàng)業(yè)之路。 本文首次以已創(chuàng)業(yè)大學(xué)生和在校還未創(chuàng)業(yè)大學(xué)生作為研究對象，探索他們的創(chuàng)業(yè)動機(jī)和對環(huán)境的認(rèn)知的不同點(diǎn)和相同點(diǎn)，旨在發(fā)掘大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動機(jī)和創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境的深層聯(lián)系，通過對比兩者的差異，尋找優(yōu)化創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境的方法，從而推動大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的熱情。此次調(diào)查研究的結(jié)果顯示，當(dāng)代大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)動機(jī)與過去相比有較大轉(zhuǎn)變，即大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)動機(jī)由快速獲取財(cái)富和金錢等生活需求為主，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闉榱隋憻捵陨砟芰Γ@取社會認(rèn)同等高層次的提升需求。總體而言，大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)動機(jī)在男女兩者之間差異不大，但男生的生活需求而后提升需求略高于女生；學(xué)歷上來看，大專生的生活需求高于本科生、碩士生和博士生，而影響需求則是本科生高于其他三者。對于創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境的認(rèn)知，未創(chuàng)業(yè)大學(xué)生和已創(chuàng)業(yè)大學(xué)生有較大差異，已創(chuàng)業(yè)大學(xué)生的滿意程度低于未創(chuàng)業(yè)大學(xué)生的重要程度，說明大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境還需進(jìn)一步完善以提高未創(chuàng)業(yè)大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情，同時(shí)，通過對比研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，不同學(xué)歷大學(xué)生對與創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境的認(rèn)知有差異，博士生對政策環(huán)境的認(rèn)知高于其他三者，而研究生對于教育環(huán)境的認(rèn)知最高。 針對調(diào)查研究的分析結(jié)果，本文提出了提高大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動機(jī)的策略。第一、優(yōu)化創(chuàng)業(yè)教育結(jié)構(gòu)。加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)業(yè)師資力量，豐富創(chuàng)業(yè)課程形式；加強(qiáng)各層次創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的展開；開展豐富多彩的創(chuàng)業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)大賽。第二、加大政策扶持和宣傳力度。通過電視、廣播、報(bào)紙等多種途徑加大創(chuàng)業(yè)宣傳；在現(xiàn)有的政策基礎(chǔ)上，實(shí)行走訪制度，實(shí)時(shí)了解已創(chuàng)業(yè)大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)情況和訴求；修訂相關(guān)法律法規(guī)，保障大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)全以免受侵害。第三、創(chuàng)建良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)文化環(huán)境。文化環(huán)境不僅包括來大學(xué)生自家人、朋友對其創(chuàng)業(yè)的支持程度，還包括整個(gè)社會對他們的看法。第四，建立創(chuàng)業(yè)退出機(jī)制。大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)具有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗容易造成大學(xué)生的精神負(fù)擔(dān)，影響其今后的職業(yè)發(fā)展，為此高校和政府應(yīng)建立大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)退出機(jī)制，為他們提供必要的幫助。
[Abstract]:Entrepreneurial motivation is a kind of planned, purposeful thought or behavior formed in the initial period of entrepreneurship in order to achieve a certain purpose. It always guides the development of entrepreneurship in the process of entrepreneurship, and is the initial motive force and intrinsic stimulation point to promote entrepreneurs to implement entrepreneurial activities. College students entrepreneurs are quick thinking, unique ideas, various entrepreneurial motives emerge in endlessly, but in the process of entrepreneurship is easy to be affected by the surrounding environment. This paper tries to find out the characteristics and connections of entrepreneurial motivation and environment of college students, and to consider the method of optimizing entrepreneurial environment, so as to encourage more college students to embark on the road of entrepreneurship. For the first time, this paper explores the differences and similarities between the entrepreneurial motivation and the cognition of the environment, aiming at exploring the deep relationship between the entrepreneurial motivation and the entrepreneurial environment of the college students, taking the entrepreneurial college students and the college students as the research objects for the first time in order to explore the differences and similarities between their entrepreneurial motivation and their cognition of the environment. By comparing the difference between the two, we seek the method of optimizing the entrepreneurial environment, and promote the enthusiasm of college students. The results of this investigation show that the entrepreneurial motivation of contemporary college students has changed greatly compared with the past, that is, college students' entrepreneurial motivation has changed from a quick acquisition of wealth and money to a change in order to exercise their own ability. To obtain social identity and other high-level demand for promotion. Generally speaking, there is little difference between male and female in the motivation of starting a business, but the demand for life improvement of male students is slightly higher than that of female students. In terms of education, the demand for life of college students is higher than that of undergraduates, master degree students and doctoral students. The impact of demand is higher than the other three undergraduate students. For the cognition of entrepreneurial environment, there are great differences between the non-entrepreneurial college students and the entrepreneurial college students, and the degree of satisfaction of the entrepreneurial college students is lower than the important degree of the non-entrepreneurial college students. It shows that the entrepreneurial environment of college students needs to be further improved in order to improve the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of non-entrepreneurial students. At the same time, through the comparative study, it is found that there are differences in the cognition between the entrepreneurial environment and the entrepreneurial environment among the college students with different degrees of education. Ph.D. students' cognition of policy environment is higher than the other three, while graduate students' cognition of educational environment is the highest. Based on the results of investigation and research, this paper puts forward some strategies to improve college students' entrepreneurial motivation. First, optimize the structure of entrepreneurship education. Strengthen the entrepreneurial teachers, enrich the course form of entrepreneurship; strengthen the development of entrepreneurship education at all levels; carry out a variety of entrepreneurial design competition. Second, increase policy support and publicity. Through television, radio, newspapers and other channels to increase entrepreneurial publicity; on the basis of existing policies, the implementation of a visit system, real-time understanding of the entrepreneurial situation and demands of entrepreneurial college students; revision of relevant laws and regulations, To protect college students from infringing on their own business. Third, create a good entrepreneurial culture environment. The cultural environment includes not only the degree of support for their entrepreneurship by their own families and friends, but also the views of the whole society on them. Fourth, the establishment of entrepreneurial exit mechanism. It is risky for college students to start a business, and the failure of starting a business can easily lead to the mental burden of college students and affect their future career development. Therefore, colleges and universities and the government should set up an exit mechanism for college students to provide them with necessary help.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F272;G649.2

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